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Zb e Enslavement anfc 
Emancipation of 
tbe people. 


BEING A FULL AND ACCURATE PRESENTATION OF THE 
ENSLAVED CONDITION OF THE INDUSTRIAL 
WORLD, WITH AN ORIGINAL AND PRACTICAL 
SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEMS. 

^ BY 

T: B* HERBOLDSHIMER. 

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You do not know the heavy grievances. 
The toils, the labors, weary drudgeries. 
Which they impose.— Southern. 

to6 LILLIAN STREET, 

31st Ward, Pittsburg, Pa. 

PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR. 

^V>\ n 1 1 ''k/jy, 


UMi[K UU»L, 



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Copyright, 1900, 

By J. B. HERBOLDSHIMER. 

By i i ansfer 

D. C. Public Library 

AUG 1 7 i 934 

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THE COUP I Eft PRESS, GIBSON CITY, ILL. 

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MY KIND FRIEND AND ABLE CRITIC, 


REV. I. A. SHANTON, D. D., 


FORMER 

PROFESSOR OF POLITICAL ECONOMY AND 
COMMERCIAL LAW 
IN DAKOTA UNIVERSITY, 

AND LATER PROFESSOR OF THE SAME IN 
REDFIELD COLLEGE, 

WHO SO KINDLY AND ABLY AIDED ME 
IN EXPRESSING MY SYNTHETIC 
THOUGHT AND 

MAKING MY ANALYTIC SETTING, 

IS THIS VOLUME MOST 
AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED BY 


THE AUTHOR. 


INTRODUCTION. 


Granting religion to be the supreme du¬ 
ty and attainment of men, duty to God in 
the active, attainment in the absolute, 
the next of supreme and superlative im¬ 
portance is man’s duty to his fellow, and 
the correlated duty to the state. There 
is an inter-dependence of one member of 
society upon each other member, which 
finds its argument in a strong and vigor¬ 
ous commonwealth. Each individual needs 
each other individual to complete the so¬ 
cial and civil life and fabric. The creed 
of man’s duty to man is being popularized, 
and must be subscribed to and believed in, 
not as a dogma, but as a fact in social and 



6 


INTRODUCTION. 


industrial law. The new state and the 
coming civilization will have this as one of 
its cardinal principles, to be enforced out 
of the newer and higher desires and life. 

There is strong evidence that the labor¬ 
ing man has not had his meed of rights 
and privileges upon an equality with the 
man who lives upon his accumulated 
wealth. No man can earn $1,000,000, 
and those who possess this and larger 
sums must have forced some to make un¬ 
just contributions. The dependent class¬ 
es are realizing this, and believing the 
conditions allowing such are due to 
blunders or omissions in legislation and 
government. There is a vigorous demand 
for a readjustment of the machinery of 
government, and the logic of this is found 
in strikes and the multiplication of multo- 
millionaires; in “ dead” furnace fires and 


INTRODUCTION. 


7 


the growth of autocracy. The Gospel of 
Society is Virtue and the Gospel of the 
State is Justice. This gospel must be pro¬ 
claimed from the hill tops and the valleys. 
If the state is that grand and cemented 
aggregation of civic community interests, 
it is then the creator and protector of the 
citizen’s civil rights, and no state has dis¬ 
charged its functions and duty to its jpro- 
tege unless it treats each according to his 
just deserts, and throws the mantle of 
protection over the weak as well as over 
the strong. Our author recites facts and 
not foibles, and defines with courage and 
conviction the deep causes of industrial 
trouble, and vividly and logically proposes 
a remedy,—the cause being removed, the 
effect ceases. 

The wily Archimedes found that King 
Iliero’s crown had been alloyed, and so 


8 


INTRODUCTION. 


our author finds Liberty’s lustrous crown 
has been alloyed, and he seeks to expose 
this fact and the hands and crucible that 
did it. His argument is logical and strong 
and will drive conviction to the mind of 
the reader, and his remedy is calculated 
to cure the disorder under which we live 
and labor. It is self evident that some¬ 
thing has digged a gulf, wide and deep, 
between labor and capital. Money has 
influenced and corrupted government and 
the glitter of gold has stained the judicial 
ermine. The Hon. Ignatius Donnelly said 
some time ago that if he were furnished 
$100,000 he could buy up any state leg¬ 
islature in the union. If this be true it 
argues an awful condition of our legisla¬ 
tive bodies, a state of corruption bordering 
on the danger line. The laboring man 
feels that by various means he has been 


INTRODUCTION. 


9 


deprived of some of his rights and repre¬ 
sentations. 

A man was desirous of buying one of 
the grand productions of Wirtz, of Brus¬ 
sels, and offered him much gold. “Keep 
your money,” said the artist. “ Gold gives 
death blows to art.” And so it does to 
liberty and free government if used to 
corrupt legislation or to prevent labor oc¬ 
cupying its rightful position in the world 
of affairs. 

The renomination of labor for honors 
and emoluments and preferments, corre¬ 
sponding to her ability and compatible 
with economy and good government, is the 
revival of industry and patriotism, and a 
guarantee of cessation of industrial dis¬ 
turbances. I. A. SHANTON. 

Terre Haute, Ind., 

January, 1900. 




















Cbe Enslavement anb 
Emancipation of tbe people. 


General Discussion. 

In the midst of agitations of a commer¬ 
cial and social and political nature, affect¬ 
ing the interests and destiny of a whole 
nation, Daniel Webster, than whom 
America never had a wiser or more astute 
statesman, was asked what was the great¬ 
est idea that he ever entertained. The 
great statesman canvassed the deep and 
subterranean questions of philosophy and 
metaphysics, of politics and letters, of 
finance and science, for a few moments, 



12 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

and then, with dignity and gravity, re¬ 
plied: “The greatest idea that 1 ever 
entertained was the thought of my indi¬ 
vidual responsibility to my God.” Glad¬ 
stone, England’s greatest representative, 
declared this to be the one only and great¬ 
est question of the day. Bismarck, the 
“ Iron Duke ” of Germany, also classified 
this as the supreme question of the hour 
and of the nations of the earth. After a 
thorough trial with philosophy and infi¬ 
delity in all the departments of the French 
government, Lamertine, one of her wisest 
and best statesmen, said that “France 
can not get along without God.” These 
great world powers have come to their 
prestige and strength by recognizing God, 
and giving him a rightful place in their 
affairs, not merely out of instinct, or edu¬ 
cation or habit, but out of a conscious 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 13 

and intelligent belief that duty to God in¬ 
cludes all duties to fellow-man. But na¬ 
tions and communities and individuals 
have fallen from the lofty pedestal of Di¬ 
vine recognition. No man or association 
of men can divorce politics or education 
or industry from morals and religion, for 
“pure and undefiled religion” must 
abound in all the various and multitu¬ 
dinous concerns of man, as truly as these 
have an evident and necessary dependence 
upon one another. 

The hard mathematical problems of life 
are more easily solved by turning upon 
them the lustrous and translucent search¬ 
light of truth than to try to make one’s self 
believe that they need no solution, or that 
they will solve themselves. No problem 
of life is a problem if it needs no solution, 
and no problem furnishes its own solvent. 


14 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

That the peoples of the earth are di¬ 
vided and subdivided into contending fac¬ 
tions, each claiming and contending for 
the mastery, is no chimera or dream of 
the idealist, but is one of the painful and 
intensely evident facts. Here is a prob¬ 
lem for whose solution philanthropists 
and reformers, philosophers and states¬ 
men have been searching for decades, 
but their search has been as vain as that 
of the early Spaniards for the fabled 
fountain of youth. Real conditions must 
be met and solved with real means, and 
no phantoms or fallacies are adequate to 
the task. 

Since these questions properly fall 
within the realm of the state, are subjects 
for state regulation, those concerned 
naturally look to government for a solu¬ 
tion of the vexatious problems, especially 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 15 

if we take Mr. Gladstone’s definition of 
the functions of the state, and we can 
find no better. Said he: “The duty of 
the government is to make it the most 
difficult possible for the citizen to do 
wrong, and the easiest possible for him to 
do right.” If governments did this it 
would be easy and enjoyable for servants 
to obey their masters, as the “Greatest 
Democrat of the ages” directed. Indeed, 
the government that does not take this 
liberal view of its own mission is about 
what Benjamin Disraeli, upon the floor of 
Parliament, denominated the English 
State of 1845—“an organized hypocracy.” 

That we as a nation are wrought upon 
by influences and forces having in them 
the sting and venom of death, all will bear 
willing witness. We have not yet that 
ideal government which the immortal 


16 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

Lincoln defined as “ a government of the 
people, for the people and by the peo¬ 
ple,” but ours rather seems to be one of 
the millionaire, for the classes and by the 
bosses. This is to the submerging of 
the laboring classes, and to the “ winking” 
at their rights. This gives the toiling 
multitudes no voice in formation or ad¬ 
ministration of laws to which they are 
amenable. These are painful facts, 
wounding and lacerating man’s finer and 
richer feelings, as the crown of thorns 
tore the pitying brow of man’s greatest 
Friend and Benefactor, and is no foible 
or poetic fancy. 

So I come to you, dear reader, and beg 
you to consider with me these grave ques¬ 
tions of national and international life, 
questions vital to all the varied and com¬ 
plex concerns of the body politic. 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 17 

The solution of the problem, I grant, 
may he the complete reconstruction of the 
state, but government is only an evolu¬ 
tion of better things, anyway, and it is 
our holy and religious business to discard 
old methods in civil life as well as old 
dogmas in religious life which have been 
the curse of humanity and the downfall 
of nations, and discover and adopt what¬ 
ever will be to the advancement of human 
interests and happiness. By no other 
method is it possible to realize that ideal 
and healthy state toward which all loyal 
citizens are looking, and for which all are 
working. 

With these appalling conditions before 
us and everywhere present in occidental 
government, we naturally and rightly ask 
the origin of our national life, to which 
we answer that Rome, the seven-hilled 


18 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

monarchy, fetid and putrid and decaying, 
and with all the ulcerations and cancer¬ 
ous conditions possible to a body politic, 
is credited with having furnished both 
foundation and pattern for western pow¬ 
ers, and even for many of our modern in¬ 
stitutions and laws. The motive and ac¬ 
tuating principles of our imperial mater¬ 
nal ancestor of many centuries ago seems 
to have been a dual one: First and fore¬ 
most to protect and multiply the inherit¬ 
ed and self-constituted rights of her 
patrician and noble classes, to the utter 
disregard of the natural rights of her 
humbler classes; and second, as a means 
of perpetuating herself and the method of 
Romanizing the world, to conquer and 
subjugate other and weaker nations and 
peoples, confiscate their property, and re¬ 
duce their citizens to slavery, and thus 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 19 

fill her coffers with imperishable gold. 
With her military strength and genius, 
powerful armies and invincible navies, 
the world thus became one great vassal to 
Rome,—one groaning and writhing slave 
pen or mart, with the Seven-Hilled City 
as the merciless master. This of neces¬ 
sity produced wide-spread slave conditions, 
and fastened manacles upon the world 
from which even we are trying to free 
ourselves. 

But I would not have you think that 
Rome was the mother of human slavery, 
for she but received this iniquitous insti¬ 
tution from older nations,—Egypt, Phoe¬ 
nicia, Babylonia, etc., as a part of her 
dowery. Human slavery, in some form, 
is as old as organized human society, and 
has an existence to-day in highly civilized 
and aggressive nations in most hideous 


20 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

and diabolical forms, and is masking be¬ 
hind altars and shrines of sacrifice and 
worship even, and its ghastly skeleton is 
in wardrobes and on hearthstones of most 
of our mansions. These are too often 
built out of the bones of our fellows, and 
their walls cemented together with the 
blood of our comrades in toil. 

True, these conditions were somewhat 
modified in later life, and the more vi¬ 
cious and burdensome features eliminated 
or softened, for history tells us of the 
Magna Charta of King John, wrung from 
him in 1215; the establishment of the 
American Commonwealth in 1776, and the 
abolition of organized human slavery in 
the United States in 1865; and the philos¬ 
ophy of history tells us that these were 
but partial divorcements of newer govern¬ 
ments from older and decaying ones. 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 21 

But while the black man was being 
freed, manacles, most galling and burden¬ 
some, were being forged for the shackling 
of the white man. And the very nature 
of these manacles, and the methods of 
their attachment, argue the dawn of slav¬ 
ery as debasing and demoralizing, and 
more difficult to break, than that which 
bound the negro on southern cotton field 
and rice plantation. 

Studying the history of the United 
States, discovering her genesis and analyz¬ 
ing her genius, we are persuaded that two 
principles, fundamental in Roman life, 
were grafted on to modern American life, 
namely, THE CONTINUATION OF 
SLAVERY AND SLAVE CONDI¬ 
TIONS, and a system of money crea¬ 
tion, which we are pleased to denominate 
THE HAMILTONIAN SYSTEM OF 


22 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

FINANCE, which I fear has too perfect a 
prototype in the old Roman system. To 
modify and abolish the first in so far as it 
has been modified and abolished, required 
the copious outpouring of the life blood 
of America’s best and bravest sons; and 
while the latter question is assuming 
alarming proportion and character, and 
we hardly know its solution, yet God for¬ 
bid that it too shall be washed out in hu¬ 
man blood, even the precious blood of our 
own children. 

Now these questions resolve themselves 
into one of dual nature, which will be dis¬ 
cussed under the following sub-divisions. 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 23 


Property IRiQbts, and 
Cbe mecovevy of Cbat THHblcb Const!* 
tutes tbe fault of Bll Daluc. 

I. The right to acquire and hold prop¬ 
erty is a God-given right which no man 
or corporation of men has authority to 
gainsay or deny. 

The Preamble to the Constitution of 
the United States, our charter of civil 
liberties, recognizes this, and vouchsafes 
it to all persons, irrespective of previous 
conditions, religious beliefs, of race or 
nationality, and guarantees the right to 
maintenance and the unmolested and un¬ 
disturbed pursuit of happiness, and the 
honest and honorable accumulation of 


24 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

property. And indeed the law of the 
land requires each physically capable in¬ 
dividual to put forth efforts to support 
himself and those dependent upon him, 
and in addition to this to make a contri¬ 
bution to the support of government; and 
if he deliberately refuses to do so, he is 
punished as a law breaker and an enemy 
to the State and dangerous to society. 

And yet, in open violation of this defi¬ 
nition and guarantee of individual rights 
and in spite of it, there is a powerfully 
organized effort, backed and supported by 
millions of money, and state and federal 
legislation, to deny this right to the toil¬ 
ing masses of our great land. And in 
consequence of this prostitution of liber¬ 
ties and perversion of the legitimate func¬ 
tions of government, some men have 
grown “ beastly rich,” as Matthew Arnold 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 25 

said of Chicago, while others, ah! behold 
the sickening picture, have been reduced 
to the lowest stages of poverty. 

As good old Chrysostom said many gen¬ 
erations ago, “At the sight of the luxur¬ 
ious tables of the dishonest, the angels 
retire—God is offended, the demons re¬ 
joice.” These tables are laden with the 
heart-strings and heart-throbs and sighs 
and anguish of the toiling masses, and the 
music for the feasts are the cries and 
prayers and petitions of starving women 
and children. But bear this one thing in 
mind, my toiling brother, that you have 
as good and sufficient right to be a proj)- 
erty earner and a property holder as has 
the man of royal birth, the millionaire, or 
the magnate living in a gilded palace. 
And remember, further, that if you sur¬ 
render your rights or allow them to be 


26 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

usurped or in any way wrenched from you, 
you are robbed of the very essential and 
fundamental of citizenship, and you are 
forced to take your place as a galley slave, 
doomed eternally to pull at the oars with 
the captured vassal of old Home of a 
thousand years ago. 

Said Schiller, “It is daring to embezzle 
a million of dollars, but it is great beyond 
measure to steal a crown.” Better steal 
both purse and crown than to steal one’s 
liberties and enslave his faculties. 
Homer, the hero and sage of Greece thir¬ 
ty centuries ago, declared that half of 
man’s virtue was torn away when he be¬ 
comes a slave. Will you submit to slav¬ 
ery when your liberties have been so dear¬ 
ly purchased for you and bequeathed to 
you as an inalienable heritage? Remem¬ 
ber that the slave was reckoned as a sim- 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 27 

pie commercial commodity and as such 
could not be thought of as having either 
inherent or delegated rights to acquire or 
hold property, for himself was property 
with neither sense nor soul. 

The art and the opportunity of accum¬ 
ulating wealth, or of storing up labor for 
future use and enjoyment, has ever been 
claimed to be the possession of the few, to 
the utter and absolute exclusion of the 
many over whom they assumed sovereign 
dictatorship. 

But this is a selfish and a distorted 
view, and wholly ignores the idea of man's 
freedom and franchise, both of which 
must be granted and protected to insure 
democratic government and institutions. 
And no other form of civil life is so sen¬ 
sible of her citizens' wants and so easily 
roused and strengthened to accommodate 


28 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

herself to the crying needs of her people. 
But tile government and institutions 
which our illustrous sires gave us—peace 
to their sacred dust!—is endangered and 
threatened by those who would strangle 
her for selfish ends. 

De Toqueville, one of the greatest lov¬ 
ers of liberty and apostles of democracy 
in France, enquires, “ Can it be believed 
that democracy, which has overthrown 
the feudal system and vanquished kings, 
will retreat before tradesmen and capi¬ 
talists?” 

Then to deprive the individual citizen 
of his liberties or the proper exercise of 
any of his faculties in an honorable and 
legitimate way, is to undermine the state 
of which lie is an integral and necessary 
part, and precipitate what Robespierre 
would call “a reign of terror.” 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 29 

In order then to establish a property 
right and defend that right against all 
aggression, the enslaved masses must be 
enfranchised and lifted to the plane of 
their fellows enjoying the most unre¬ 
strained freedom. 

If it be a fact that the masses of men 
have not the capability to direct and con¬ 
trol the complex machinery of commer¬ 
cial life, according to the present indus¬ 
trial system, it will therefore become 
necessary to invest them with that capa¬ 
bility and guarantee them sufficient pro¬ 
tection while exercising it, and this I be¬ 
lieve will be done when we have employed 
a new unit of values, and made this unit 
something of universal possession and 
something inhering in all classes of 
society. This will furnish us an immu¬ 
table foundation of wealth, and will guar- 


30 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

antee a more equitable distribution of 
earnings. Now this inherent something, 
to constitute the new standard, must be 
of commercial value, and capable of being 
exposed in the marts of trade for barter 
or sale; and this inherent something is 
THE MINIMUM PRICE OF A DAY'S 
LABOR, which I discuss under the fol¬ 
lowing head. 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 31 


Z be /Minimum price of a Bag's Xabor 
to be tbe Hinlt of BU Dalues. 

Broadly speaking, a unit is but an idea, a 
cause, a Divine creation, implanted within 
the bounds and necessities of human possi¬ 
bility and endeavor, rather than the result 
of human genius and skill and limitation. 

A thing to be regarded as a unit must 
have the quality of immutability or un¬ 
changeableness about it, especially when 
that unit is delegated with authority and 
has imparted to it ability to determine 
the rise or fall of nations and empires, 
and when too, it must declare the capa¬ 
city and character of peoples and institu¬ 
tions. 


32 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

Now it is a self evident fact that labor 
possesses all of these qualifications. All 
other things being equal, a man can render 
as much service to-day as any time in the 
history of the race, and the capability of 
all men in each class is about the same the 
world over. The truthfulness of these 
things is a strong and unimpeachable ar¬ 
gument in favor of Labor being the unit 
of values, thus guaranteeing to the world 
of commerce and general exchange a sta¬ 
ble unit. 

The adoption of such a unit will invest 
the toiling masses with an independency 
not to be secured in any other way; and 
this will have a tendency to develop all 
the nobler and finer faculties of the indi¬ 
vidual and make men masters of themselves 
and of their situations and environments, 
and censors of their own skill and genius. 


EMANCIPATION OF TIIE PEOPLE. 33 

From the very nature of things labor 
would furnish the best unit, since it has 
the nearest approach to universality. 
This system transfers the unit from ab- 
stract to.jcmicr^g a^dl Bfraw*$$gy, sup- 
portitfgj^ltftt ep^giztne*fao1^e am- 
biticms of the conscious being. \l 

Tl|is makekUWe ^lu-l^ft^the umrt self 
rcgula^^i^d endows it wi^ji i&^araeter 
comparaBhsto ja A^^Qnjli vHmd takes it 
out of the catalog of flexibility and estab¬ 
lishes it in permanency. The fact of 
such great and constant disturbances in 
the money value of things, destroying in¬ 
dustries representing the toil and sacrifice 
of many years, has caused a great oceanic 
tide of opinion to set in, demanding a unit 
that will insure more stable prices. 

The measure of other things, such as 
water and wine, has been the same from 




34 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

almost pre-historic times, and the linear 
standard or unit antedates the invention 
of mathematics. But the unit or stand¬ 
ard of values, by which the wealth of in¬ 
dividuals and nations is determined, is as 
changeable and unstable as the tides of 
the ocean or the ides of the moon. This 
continual ebbing and flowing with differ¬ 
ing force and velocity and height changes 
the outlines of islands and continents so 
that what belonged to the ancient shores 
of Castile yesterday is part and parcel of 
the old Frankish domains to-day. So it 
is with the present financial system; what 
is worth one dollar to-day in the best 
market of the world may not be worth 
over half a dollar to-morrow in the same 
market and with the same bidders. 

The unit as we have it to-day is not 
sufficiently grounded in permanency, nor 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 35 

will it ever be until something perma¬ 
nent and abiding is adopted. All the 
works of Nature are grounded in perma¬ 
nency, and why should not the money 
affairs of men be, since they, too, are to 
abide and endure? 

One of the most impressive things 
about Nature is its solidity, and why 
should not the governments of men have 
more of this element, inasmuch as laws 
and institutions must ever be our agencies 
and support? And they will be when 
they are standing upon actual and abiding 
things, such as labor and character, since 
the laws creating governments are among 
the fixed laws. 

In this I do not argue for the abolition 
of money, for money in any form is but the 
representative of so much labor. And 
from its convenience and practicability is a 


36 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

necessity as men and their affairs are to¬ 
day constituted. I merely plead that la¬ 
bor, the possession of the masses, shall 
have recognition with capital, in due and 
full proportion to its place and necessity 
in the world’s development. 

The philosopher would say that the 
skeptic is the man meager of discerning 
faculty, the lack of the clairvoyant pow r er 
of seeing the eternal in the temporal, the 
spiritual in the material. It is even so in 
the weak and imbecile and unstable gov¬ 
ernment. We have not founded upon 
the eternal laws or agencies of essentiality, 
recognized the unchangeable unit of all 
wealth inhering in labor, potential or ac¬ 
tual. We seem to have been short of the 
discerning or clairvoyant faculty, and to 
this extent have been blinded to our own 
interests and prosperity. 


EMANCIPATION - OF THE PEOPLE. 37 

The analytical philosopher applies his 
genius with such skill of separation that 
in his zeal the very foundations of the state 
are shaken, and its paternalism is analyzed 
away. We now need some of the synthetic 
system to collect and tabulate some of the 
benign and life-giving ideas and purposes 
of the illustrious fathers who founded the 
government. We must rediscover and re¬ 
collect those stable and eternal qualities 
and combine them into that grand and 
sublime commonwealth of which they 
dreamed and for which they planned, and 
furnish it with the truest and loftiest ide¬ 
als and inspirations of which the human 
soul is capable and to which the genius of 
man is endowed. Then and then only 
will we have that perfect state—not the 
one dreamed of by Solon and Charlemagne, 
but a better one, the one of which the 


38 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

Statesman of Nazereth told us, the one for 
which our sires fought, bled and died on 
gory fields of human strife. 

Place the unit of value in man's capa¬ 
city to earn, rather than that which repre¬ 
sents previous effort and wage. Place it 
in the most common and universal and 
representative thing and the thing essen¬ 
tial for physical existence, and thus re¬ 
lieve all classes of society of any attempt 
or appearance of discrimination against 
any member or company of members of 
the body politic. 

The necessity of a unit or measure of 
values is as apparent as mathematics or 
literature, and its efficiency depends up¬ 
on its practical and representative and uni¬ 
versal qualities. Labor is the possession 
and essential of all nations and peoples, 
nor can any exist without it. Were labor 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 39 

then adopted as the unit of values, all na¬ 
tions would be on the same basis and the 
same unit would pass current the world 
over. There would then be no such catas¬ 
trophe or casualty as that of nations being 
in the midst of monetary revision or revo¬ 
lution, producing stagnation of business 
and destruction of enterprises. A confed¬ 
eration of nations for such a laudable pur¬ 
pose and upon such a basis would usher us 
into the dawn of a healthier and more 
peaceable fraternalism, such as would bind 
peoples together into one great national 
and cosmopolitan brotherhood, and es¬ 
tablish “peace on earth and good will 
among men.” Since the United States 
has taken the initiative in the great re¬ 
forms of the world, and the eyes of all 
nations are now upon us, let the child 
of Washington introduce this salutory 


40 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

reform, and bid the other nations follow 
on to greatness. 

One of the most tentative arguments of 
the bimetallist in favor of gold and silver 
constituting the unit of value, is their rep¬ 
resentative character; that is, that most of 
the great commercial and maritime nations 
of the earth mine these ores from their 
own lands. Were this not only partially 
but absolutely true, they would be a much 
better reckoner of commercial value. 
Could England find the necessary quanti¬ 
ties of gold and silver for her vast mone¬ 
tary uses on her own little home island, 
how much more decided would be her ad¬ 
vantages in trading. As it is, however, 
she must buy these from her dependent 
colonies or from foreign and independent 
governments, paying the seller, of course, 
a profit. 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 41 

Now, on the basis of this argument. 
Labor becomes at once the one sole com¬ 
modity to be recognized as the universal 
unit, as it abounds abundantly in all lands 
and communities and under all forms of 
civic life. No nation would then be put 
to the inconvenience and expense of im¬ 
porting a commodity to be transformed in¬ 
to the measure of all her wealth in its 
multitudinous forms. This recognition of 
Labor would also tend to simplify govern¬ 
ment and reduce all to democratic form 
and system. This system of national life 
falls within the range of Prof. Huxley's 
law of the survival of the fittest. This is 
the preservation of the best and the loss 
of the worst elements and features of state 
life, and will produce similar results and 
conditions in society and commerce. No 
amount or kind of legislation can prevent 


42 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

this nor contravene the law creating it, bnt 
no state, even with a democratic constitu¬ 
tion, can be preserved if the citizens who 
compose it are not granted all their liber¬ 
ties, and fully protected while they exer¬ 
cise them. Schiller most truly said that 
“votes should be weighed, not counted,” 
and conscience should be the balances, 
poised and adjusted to the standard of Di¬ 
vine and inherent right. Indeed, this new 
unit for which I am contending is both a 
form of franchise and a method or means 
of determining its worth in the economy 
and mechanism of the body politic. It 
should therefore be regarded almost as sa¬ 
cred as the sandal on an angel’s foot or the 
crown on God’s brow, for it is God’s native 
endowment—His garland which he placed 
with his own hands upon the brow of his 
highest and noblest creation. 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 43 

One of the clearest and most analytical 
thinkers of to-day, Pres. Jordan, of Leland 
Stanford University, a man representing 
the highest scholastic attainment of the 
present brilliant intellectual age, said, 
“The only race degeneracy ever known 
is that produced by one or all of democra¬ 
cy’s arch enemies—slavery, aristocracy, 
militarism, imperialism, the four tyrants 
of human politics, not one of which ap¬ 
pears without the other.” This wise 
thinker tacitly remarks that democracy 
is the only hope of the nations of the 
earth, and negatively denominates men 
traitors and enemies to their own interests 
when they favor any other form of govern¬ 
ment. And yet it is just the opposite of 
democracy and representative government 
that the old unit of values is producing, 
raising up a nobility and gentry class in 


44 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

open antagonism to its other product, a 
slave and pauper class. As Edwin Mark¬ 
ham says, “We love dollars so much more 
than we do brothers that we are becoming 
human cash registers.” The history of 
this unit has been to reduce men and na¬ 
tions to serfdom, and let run unchecked 
will lead to iconoclasm and dismemberment. 

It is, then, not only to contend for man's 
inalienable and indefeasible rights that I 
appeal to you, but as well for the preser¬ 
vation of the body politic and the full and 
complete development of her inherent 
possibilities. 

To recognize Labor as the unit of val¬ 
ues, rather than 23.22 grains of gold, gives 
a universal and democratic representation 
of unit interest, and enlists each member 
of society in its own defense and devel¬ 
opment. 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 45 

The little republic of Switzerland, nest¬ 
ling on the table-lands of the lofty and 
scenic Alps, is said to be the strongest na¬ 
tion on earth, per capita, because each 
citizen is held responsible for the care of a 
certain national interest. Then upon the 
same principle how invulnerable would be 
the United States did she adopt Labor as 
her unit or measure of values, to the liv¬ 
ing and full representation of her 75,- 
000,000 of enlightened, cultured and loyal 
citizens! Each one then would not only 
be made guardian of certain national in¬ 
terests, but would be made to feel that he 
was really and truly not only trustee but 
owner in fee simple of the vast domain of 
national life. Such, then, would make 
our weakest point as Gibraltar, our low¬ 
est altitude as the “Heights of Abra¬ 
ham,” and our force would be as the com- 


46 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

bined armies and navies of the nations of 
the earth. 

So long as the unit is vested in property 
or capital, so long must the individual look 
to this enemy of his happiness and pros¬ 
perity, as it is now concentrated and dis¬ 
posed, for guardianship; and the history of 
strikes is a standing memorial of this, and 
the millions of unemployed should be a 
sufficient rebuke to the system. 

But place the unit in Labor, as being 
sufficiently qualified, and the individual 
corresponds with what Jesus, the worhTs 
wisest philosopher and most earnest advo¬ 
cate of universal justice, characterized a 
“perfect man,” a “law unto himself,” a 
man in whom abound all the virtues of 
noble citizenship. This simply means that 
a man does not need the administration of 
law, nor the institutions of reform, for in 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 47 

this perfected state he has risen above the 
lawless classes in his Utopian life. 

I contend that all national interests 
would be conserved; all the departments 
of government tempered to the weakest; 
all her citadels strengthened; all her in¬ 
dustries developed to the maximum; and 
all her citizens thus made the more happy 
and prosperous, since all members of soci¬ 
ety and the body politic are enlisted and 
interested with every drop of their life’s 
blood. All this being realized, which it 
would by making this new and proper ad¬ 
justment, we would have that Utopian 
government of which Sir Thomas More 
dreamed two and one-half centuries ago, 
and Mr. Edward Bellamy wrote two dec¬ 
ades ago, startling the world with his 
fancies. Then will be brought to an end 
classism and the regime of plutocracy, and 


48 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

will be established a broad and healthy sys¬ 
tem of equality, with the patronage and the 
paternity of the state extended equitably 
and mercifully unto and over all alike. 
We will then have neither class wars, nor 
race wars, nor industrial wars, but all will 
be peace and prosperity. Alms houses 
will be converted into granaries, and penal 
and reform institutions will be transformed 
into schools and colleges; arsenals and forts 
will be reduced to ashes and their places 
be known only as funeral pyres of past 
ages of barbaric peoples. Then will be 
the disarmament of nations, and soldiers 
will be remanded back to places of honest 
and honorable toil. Spears will now be 
beaten into pruning hooks, aud sabers 
wrought into plow shares; cannon and 
musketry will be moulded into chiming 
cathedral bells, calling the anxious multi- 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 49 

tudes to worship and praise, and the music 
of yoices will be as resonant and sweet as 
the chime of the bells and the piping of 
organs, for the world will now be basking 
in the glorious dawn of the millennial day. 

Now I do not believe my picture is mere 
trailing clouds of poetic fancy. With me 
the idea is an inborn conviction which is 
possible to be incorporated and worked 
out and constituted a practical and elabo¬ 
rate system of political ethics and life. 
Labor will no longer be heartlessly bound 
to slavery as unrelenting as was Zeus when 
he chained Prometheus to the rock; but 
Labor shall be monarch of all she surveys, 
since she produced all she surveys, and 
since, too, she now measures and deter¬ 
mines the value of all she produces. 

Industrial slavery must be abolished as 
completely as has been chattel slavery. 


50 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

and we sometimes fear by the same bar¬ 
barous methods. It is high time to break 
the galling shackles which are being trailed 
across hearthstones as slimy, poisonous 
and venomous reptiles. It is high time 
that man should be the unit of power, 
rather than gold. The masses of toiling 
humanity feel the galling of the shackles 
and the tightening of the stocks as never 
before, and in their desperation are de¬ 
manding relief. By adopting my method 
of universal representation, relief will 
speedily and fully and permanently come. 

The minimum price of a day’s labor 
should by all means, and by all laws of 
justice and economy and utility, be the 
standard for measuring the wealth of the 
world, as well as of each article of com¬ 
merce. The commonwealth should have 
all its values measured in labor, since it is 


EMANCIPATION- OF THE PEOPLE. 51 

Labor which gives it value and creates its 
worth. 

To take a retrospective view of this 
idea, and to make it more simple and com¬ 
prehensive, I am going to continue the 
discussion under nine different sub-topics. 


52 


THE ENSLAYEMENT AND 


flbe in Xabor 

IRepresents Ibumanitg anb tbe individual 
IRigbts of /lben. 

The old idea of man 5 s individuality 
being lost in the state, is no longer to be 
tolerated. There is too much feudalism 
about this, and it savors too much of oligar¬ 
chy. Our illustrious Revolutionary sires 
fought for representation, and their chil¬ 
dren place the same high price upon this in¬ 
alienable birth-right,and we are unwilling 
to sell it for a mess of pottage, even though 
the pottage be made in royal kitchens and 
by the king's butler. What we demand 
is a just representation, commensurate 
with our needs and rights. This will be 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 53 

realized when Labor has been crowned 
with the royal diadem of monetary sover¬ 
eignity. 

Labor is an inherent something in man 
which neither the scalpel of the anatomist, 
nor the logic of the scholar, nor the wit 
of the politician, nor even yet the wisdom 
of the statesman can divorce. Labor is 
man's creative capacity, though millions 
refuse and are refused to exercise this ca¬ 
pacity. You may separate man from his 
gold, bonds, lands, &c., but his capacity 
to earn remains unchanged and uncheck¬ 
ed. It is his inseparable possession, to 
carve his fame, to chisel his name deep in 
imperishable pillars of granite, and to 
write his biography upon pages of time. 
Labor is a concrete effort, while Capital is 
a product only of labor; but it has come to 
be the fashion to reverse the order of na- 


54 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

ture and fact, and assign Capital the first 
position and make Labor but an auxiliary 
or corollary. The logical consequence of 
such a reversed relation is that Labor has 
no stable value. No commodity has such 
fluctuations of prices. The dreadful and 
revolting comment is too often found in 
famishing and starving multitudes, and in 
a wage so low as to be out of all proportion 
to the amount of energy expended and the 
grand results of honest toil. Labor rep¬ 
resents the masses as verily and truly as 
Capital represents the classes, and should 
therefore invest the multitudes with their 
sovereign rights. There should be one 
common standard for all classes of work¬ 
ers in the industrial field, and the ma¬ 
jority should determine that standard; 
and since the overwhelming majority is in 
the purely industrial ranks, they should 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 55 

be left free to choose their own represen¬ 
tation and shape their own destiny; this 
they would do by electing the Minimum 
Price of a Day’s Labor to be the measure 
of values. 

Were we to recognize anything else as 
the measure of values, we would fall far 
short of having a true democracy and a 
harmonious, substantial state, and the gov¬ 
ernment of Washington and Lincoln would 
have relapsed into a civic mockery—a 
mere travesty on government. 

Be it far from me to desire or argue for 
the destruction of Capital or the lessening 
of it, or the abrogation of proper and 
equitable laws framed and promulgated 
for its creation and protection. Capital 
has earned lily-white laurels and^ is a ne¬ 
cessity in our complex and homogeneous 
civilization; and it is a self-evident fact. 


56 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

an economic and industrial axiom, that 
Capital must become more essential as civ¬ 
ilization has more of a complexity of char¬ 
acter, representing the increasing fineness 
of human opinions and tastes, and as the 
abstruse problems multiply. But so long 
as Capital stands alone, the sole represent¬ 
ative of the thriving classes and them 
alone, without any rival or check, repre¬ 
senting the great and multitudinous mass¬ 
es, based on the minimum of a day’s labor, 
so long will progress and poverty be com¬ 
panions without the spirit of fraternity; 
and they will be traveling side by side as 
unequal yoke-fellows, but biding the op¬ 
portunity and signal to shed each other’s 
blood to the last drop. 

In the scheme which I offer for the 
emancipation of the enslaved laborer, I 
do not argue for the disturbance of any of 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 57 

the fundamental and truly honest princi¬ 
ples of sound money creation and mainte¬ 
nance. The country has no more need or 
use for cheap money than it has for cheap 
labor; no more use for “watered” money 
than for watered powder. Money worth 
one hundred cents on the dollar, and that 
too in every counting house of the world. 
And I solemnly affirm, as I conscientiously 
believe, that if the opposite of this ever 
overtakes us we will have precipitated up¬ 
on us a panic, before which those of '37, 
'52, '57, '73 and '93 will pale away into 
utter insignificance, and we will have not 
only local strikes and Coxey armies tread¬ 
ing upon the greensward of the nation's 
home, and a few thousands tramping and 
begging bread, but a “universal reign of 
terror,” as Robespierre denominated the 
Paris Commune. 


58 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

The principles of sound money must be 
sacredly guarded as the great essentials to 
peace and prosperity, thrift and happiness 
as a civic condition. 

Now when I employ the word “Labor” 
I do not mean merely an expending energy, 
but as well the latent or potential capacity 
or capability to serve or toil to some defi¬ 
nite and valuable end, the object being to 
earn a wage. Hence labor, with this lib¬ 
eral definition, is to the toiler what capital 
is to the wealthy—yea, even more; and 
the worth or utility of labor and capital 
should be based upon the same standard 
or idea. And this can only be done by 
placing a standard value upon the mini¬ 
mum price of a day’s labor. 

Labor, potential or actual, must ever be 
the sole investment or capital of the la¬ 
borer, and as Capital advances its interests 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 59 

so must the standard price of labor ad¬ 
vance in a corresponding ratio; and this 
mutual and economic and equitable ad¬ 
vancement of the functions and uses of 
each will prevent either from doing vio¬ 
lence or injury to the other, but will re¬ 
sult in mutual profit and efficiency to the 
largest possible degree. 

Future government must be based and 
grounded upon sociological and industrial 
principles, recognizing the laws of society 
and the laws of labor, and toning up the 
national system through these as the two 
great arteries of the civic organism. And 
labor or industrial rights must be on a par 
with property rights, and be as sacredly 
and jealously guarded and fostered by the 
strong and unyielding arm of the law, for 
in the make-up of society it is evident that 
the universal Creator designed Capital to 


60 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

be the handy and capable servant of man. 
It is not apparent that man was made for 
the creation or selfish hoarding of capital, 
the power and possession to be the inalien¬ 
able inheritance of a favored few. 

Labor being the only commodity the 
poor man has to offer in exchange for food 
and raiment, it is even more to him than 
capital is to the rich man, since he has an 
equal right and capacity to earn a wage 
by his toil or skill. And since labor is 
the only foundation of all forms of wealth, 
it should be regarded as a matter of pub¬ 
lic utility and general convenience to rec¬ 
ognize the first and primary essential effort 
as the unit of values. Then this magic 
wand which transforms a shapeless, value¬ 
less thing into one of matchless beauty 
and measureless worth is Labor rather 
than Capital. 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 61 

The diamonds bedecking the crown of 
royalty had no value or lustre whatever 
until labor had been graciously and abun¬ 
dantly expended upon them; and the labor 
which first touched the gem’s recluse and 
raised it into the scale of value was that 
grade of toil the furthest removed from 
the professional or skilled class—the very 
grade I am arguing should have the digni¬ 
ty of being made the basis or measure of 
values. 

Labor must ever be, out of the very ar¬ 
rangement of things, the capital of the 
toiling masses, who will ever be in the 
majority, for the world is of necessity 
more a hive of industry, a work shop, than 
a gilded ball room or a place of leisure 
and luxury for spectacular show. 

There must be an equitable rating of 
property and industrial rights and values; 


62 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

or, in other words, a pair of mighty bal¬ 
ances must be suspended from the one 
great supporting law of human justice and 
right, and in each balance placed the in¬ 
dustry of the world and the capital of the 
world, and these must now be so wisely 
and rightly proportioned or equalized in 
worth and efficiency as to show a mathe¬ 
matical counterpoise, each perfectly bal¬ 
ancing the other. It never fell within 
the province of man to make that unnat¬ 
ural division or classification which pro¬ 
duces antagonism and enmity between 
these two great essentials to the world's 
development and enrichment and civili¬ 
zation. The dignity of labor and the es¬ 
sentiality of toil is too slightingly observed 
or is viewed with distorted and abnormal 
vision. Labor is glorious, and dignified 
and honorable, and no man has more reas- 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 63 

on to be proud of his calling than the 
man with pick and shovel, with tongs and 
plane and trowel. 

The feeling or thought that labor 
is not honorable is but a survival of the 
old pagan and feudal times, when the 
plow was left to the slave and only the 
villain hoed the corn. As Canon Liddon 
said, “ the life of man is made up of ac¬ 
tion and endurance,” and as Aristotle, 
himself an indefatigable toiler, declared 
that “ happiness is not so much in posses¬ 
sions or enjoyments of things as in our 
energies to acquire them.” But the value 
and dignity of labor is too often under¬ 
estimated, and placed too low in the scale 
of productivity and honor. 

By toil under tropical suns, and midst 
Arctic snows; in the reeking bowels of 
the earth, and on boisterous seas, there is 


64 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

secured and fashioned that which is neces¬ 
sary to the building and furnishing of na¬ 
tions and empires, and the feeding of 
their numberless peoples. Industrial life 
is one continual hazard and sacrifice. 

A queen may wear gems of greatest 
brilliancy from Golconda’s ancient mines, 
and silks and damasks from India’s finest 
looms, but only so long as her toiling sub¬ 
jects bend their backs to the ponderous 
burdens as the sturdy ox yields his neck 
to the galling yoke. As Aristotle, than 
whom no wiser seer or sage was produced 
by heathen countries and customs, said, 
“ whether it be the laborer with his har¬ 
vest, or the architect with his house, or the 
sculptor with his statue—whether it be a 
poem or a book, it matters not,” all is la¬ 
bor and all is honorable and dignified, and 
deserves a rating with oratory and science 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 65 

and letters and philosophy, and all the 
fine eruditions of the mind. 

I repeat that labor represents the people 
of all classes and climes, and their indi¬ 
vidual and community rights, since it is 
one of the self-evident and necessary facts 
of the universe and is universally in strik¬ 
ing evidence. Even in creation and na¬ 
ture the exertion of energy is apparent. 
In reading the story of the rocks we dis¬ 
cover that elemental energy was expended 
upon atomic conditions for untold cen¬ 
turies before this world was fashioned and 
made habitable for either vegetable or ani¬ 
mal life. And even though I lift my eyes 
toward the heavens and contemplate the 
stars bedecking the vaulted firmament, I 
see them sweep along in their onward 
flight with all the energy of their terres- 
tial natures, and I am arrested in my soul 


3 


66 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

ecstacy with the evidence of exertion even 
by the heavenly bodies; and I can but cry 
out with the psalmody of praise, “The 
heavens declare the glory of God and the 
firmament showeth his handiwork,” and 
show, too, that back of all these and giving 
them direction is an Infinite Entity, whose 
operations are in the nature or of the qual¬ 
ity of labor, as the political economist de¬ 
fines labor. The Milky Way, and Pleiades, 
and Orion are but things upon which the 
creative genius and effort of the Great 
Master Mechanic of the universe was ex¬ 
pended. Jesus, by whom and for whom 
all things were created, dignified labor by 
engaging himself in it, and by placing his 
seal of approval upon it and by his con¬ 
stantly mingling with the toilers. 

It is one of the grandest traits of human 
character to be honest, and it is always 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 67 

the best policy. It will be superlatively 
honest and superlatively politic to recog¬ 
nize the minimum price of a day’s labor as 
the standard of values, being distinctively 
representative of the people’s rights and 
powers, and these rights and powers will 
balance in the scale of reason with the 
highest and truest liberties of men. 

In my plea I am not assuming that the 
poor man is seeking the charity or the en¬ 
dowments of the rich, neither is he desir¬ 
ous for conditions that make greater and 
more numerous the poor asylums for the 
ever-increasing number of pauper and de¬ 
pendent classes; but the poor man seeks 
the same liberties that the rich man has 
relegated to himself, and the same defense 
for these liberties—no more, no less. To 
these the poorest toiler in the most menial 
capacity is entitled by the laws of his ere- 


68 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

ation and genius, and by the laws of his 
country. The poor man wants only an 
equal voice in government, and this is the 
distinctive and laudable genius of demo¬ 
cratic government, and an equal right and 
place with the rich man to earn a liveli¬ 
hood for himself and those dependent up¬ 
on him. This he feels.to be his God-given 
right, a right vouchsafed to all. And any 
contrivances of men to hinder the enjoy¬ 
ment of these liberties or to curtail the 
favors thus bestowed by such franchise, 
are to be regarded as enemies to man’s in¬ 
born privileges, and enemies to the devel¬ 
opment of resident and dormant forces of 
matter and mind. 

The world must advance, and the race 
of men must evolve out into a more nearly 
perfect and ideal manhood and citizenship; 
and these things can be realized when La- 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 69 

bor is rightly crowned and God is rightly 
enthroned. Thus will be crystallized' and 
amalgamated the best of theocracy and 
republicanism, of monarchy and democ¬ 
racy, which are capable of producing an 
eclectic and ideal state. Herein then will 
men find their highest and truest repre¬ 
sentation and fellowship, and will be af¬ 
forded the full fruition of their individual 
and collective civic rights, since the state is 
but that grand aggregation or the sum to¬ 
tal of civic community interests and rights. 


70 


THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 


/ifcafclng Xabor tbc THnU Solves tbe 
Xabor problem. 

It is one of the painful and self-evident 
things in the industrial world of to-day 
that there is an estranged feeling between 
Capital and Labor. A lack of harmony 
and co-operation is everywhere apparent, 
and whatever may have been the harmon¬ 
ious and co-interested relations, there is 
not now that amicable relation necessary 
to the greatest good and advantage of both. 
The strained and antagonizing relations 
demand some solvent or readjusting agen¬ 
cy or means. Legislation, though it has 
been as severe as any ever promulgated by 
Roman Senate, has been futile, and con- 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 71 

ferences of employers and employes have 
not availed much more. I now propose, 
as I believe, that the recognition of a Day's 
Labor as the Unit of Values will adjust 
the existing differences, and show to each 
the other's rightful province and posi¬ 
tion. Some of the reasons for this judg¬ 
ment are apparent and inhere in the na¬ 
ture of the case and in the complexity of 
the problem. 

As has already been intimated, a large 
per cent, of our population is in industrial 
and financial bondage. I trust that much 
is only farcical or visionary, but the de¬ 
termination and struggle seem to be to 
get emancipation from a real monster of 
thralldom, whether it be the slavery of 
mere opinion or faculties. Thoreau, the 
American philosopher and scholar, is of 
the opinion that “ modern freedom is only 


72 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

the exchange of the slavery of feudality 
for the slavery of opinion.” Slavery is 
slavery, whatever may be its nature or 
place, and the sharp contests between Cap- 
ital’on one side and Labor on the other has 
cruelly enslaved vast multitudes. The 
end of all training is liberty, and our train¬ 
ing has been such as to teach us to not 
only love liberty but to equip ourselves to 
fight and die for it. 

I declare that men must be free to per¬ 
form their public duties and to discharge 
the functions of citizenship. This is no 
new or chimerical or novel idea, but is 
coeval with man’s investment of civic re¬ 
sponsibility. Man is free when the shack¬ 
les which bind him are lying broken at his 
feet. The recognition of his capabilities 
will do this to a marvelous degree, if not 
positively, then negatively. Capital and 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 73 

Labor can thus be harmonized, for there 
is now furnished mutually tentative and 
profitable ground to meet upon. Capital 
need not flaunt herself in the face of Labor, 
and with great glare and austerity say, 
“I have no need of thee,” for Capital is 
nothing else than stored-up or accumu¬ 
lated labor—the toil of other days. It 
would be folly and insolent and unwise 
for the butterfly, even though she sweep 
the air with gilded and velvety wings, to 
sneer at the rough, unseemly chrysalis that 
she could not recognize it as a member of 
her family, for this would be the child de¬ 
nying the parent. Capital is absolutely 
dependent upon Labor for her perpetua¬ 
tion and growth, as much as the miller 
depends upon the grain fields to feed his 
mill; and by recognizing Labor as the unit 
of value, there will be a coalition of all 


74 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

serviceable interests, each being auxiliary 
to the other. 

This placing of the unit of value upon 
the minimum price of a day’s labor can be 
accomplished in a very easy, natural and 
simple way, and without injury and de¬ 
privation to any one or any interests, viz.: 
(a) by federal government deciding the 
number of hours to constitute a day’s 
labor, and ( b ) by establishing a stable and 
equitable price on said day’s labor, [See 
chart.] Congress has already made some 
advances along these lines, but there is 
much yet to do, and to get this done will 
require education and agitation. Educa¬ 
tion is light and agitation is health. 

It is growing more and more evident 
that the labor troubles must receive at¬ 
tention from the nation’s highest law-mak¬ 
ing body, since the dispatch of government 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 75 

business has been seriously interfered with 
by organized bodies of labor revolution¬ 
ists; and since further, local and individual 
state governments have at times proven 
themselves insufficient to cope with so 
formidable a problem. It is evident that 
sooner or later the genius and power of 
federal law must be invoked to this end. 
The solution of so grave a problem, affect¬ 
ing all the vital interests of a great and 
magnanimous people, can not be left to 
helpless poverty or shackled Labor on one 
hand and arrogant Capital or selfish greed 
on the other. The state must sooner or 
later go to pieces where selfishness sways 
or ignorance decides. 

Nor can red-handed anarchy be select¬ 
ed as the arbiter. The best judgment 
and the wisest counsel and the most effi¬ 
cient agent must be employed. But mere 


76 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

arbitration is not what the oppressed 
masses want, though it be after the New 
Zealand fashion, said to be the best of 
the world, unless arbitration means am¬ 
icable and equitable adjustment and eter¬ 
nal settlement. The desire of the mul¬ 
titudes affected by these industrial dis¬ 
turbances is law , and an impartial and 
rigid enforcement of it against all law¬ 
breakers, to the perfect protection of the 
rights of Labor as well as the rights of 
Capital. 

And this principle will reach all class¬ 
es of labor in all its varied branches and 
worth, since the maximum of profes¬ 
sional and skilled labor is regulated and 
determined in its prices by the minimum 
price of unskilled labor. Professional and 
skilled labor will always be at a premium, 
as compared with unskilled, and the ad- 


EMANCIPATION' OF THE PEOPLE. 77 

justment or measure of the premium must 
be left to conditions and individual prefer¬ 
ences, conditions being determined by 
opportunities and dispositions, and prefer¬ 
ences being largely regulated by talents 
and skill. 

There is a brave and determined effort 
to dignify Capital as being the first and 
primary cause of all wealth, relegating 
Labor to the position of mere tool or 
slave; but the opposite is more nearly 
true. 

It does not require great learning in 
the field of political economy or in the 
department of the history of wealth to 
show that the very birth of Capital was 
at the hands of toil, and no wealth could 
be accumulated until Labor had put forth 
her energies and exerted her skill. I am 
now only contending that Labor should be 


78 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

raised in the scale of acknowledgment to 
the plane where she rightly belongs, and 
to contend that inasmuch as she is the 
only legitimate parent of Capital she ought 
to be allowed to determine the place and 
worth of her offspring. The effort, though 
backed and supported by legislation, gov¬ 
ernment and armies for thousands of years, 
to place a stationary value on Capital, has 
ingloriously failed, as all things must fail 
that attempt to go contrary to the laws of 
their creation and life. Labor has always 
been made the scapegoat of fluctuations in 
value, and whatever and wherever the de¬ 
preciation or loss, Labor must be the first 
and last to feel it, and be the heaviest 
loser. Such an arrangement is in open 
violation of all laws inhering in each, and 
is a bold and daring assault upon man’s 
inalienable and indefeasible rights, vouch- 



EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 79 

safed in his creation—rights for which the 
very scepter in God’s hand is pledged to 
maintain. To recognize Labor the basis 
of wealth and the measure of its own effort 
and product will adjust these differences 
and preserve peace. 

Strikes and labor revolutions are but 
the contention for a proper wage and 
proper treatment; or, in other words, a 
demand for the legitimate and natural 
place in the economy of the industrial and 
productive world. Let Capital grant these 
rights and Labor will cease its contentions. 
Let the standard of universal values or 
prices be placed with Labor and the wars 
of commodities will cease. 

Here we are with all our boasted liber¬ 
ties and culture and civilization of many 
centuries’ experimentation, actually going 
backward until we find ourselves pleading 


80 


THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 


in Roman Forum or Grecian Acropolis, 
before surpliced senators and mitered em¬ 
perors, for the birthright of man. Our 
illustrious sires, sages and seers, patriots 
and prophets they were, congratulated 
themselves that they had spanned yawn¬ 
ing chasms and climbed mountain heights, 
to leave their posterity a lustrous and en¬ 
viable inheritance, and English royalty 
was the climax of their desires and labors. 
But some of their sons who had been made 
the trustees of this incomparable heritage 
have been recreant to their holy trust, and 
are hereby indicted on the charge of mal¬ 
feasance in office. They have brought re¬ 
proach upon a glorious ancestry, a nobler 
parentage than that of Cincinnatus, or Le- 
onidus, or Cato. Greed, lust, dishonesty 
and a desire for power and prestige have 
broken into the ranks, and these appeittes 





EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 81 

are as mad and revengeful as unchained 
demons. These unholy passions have 
made slaves of the weaker who could not 
resist their onslaught. The history of 
Scotland has been one perpetual protest 
against oppression and wrong and despot¬ 
ism, and w r e can almost yet see the bivouac 
fires of Bannockburn and other places. 
Its lesson, blazing out in lurid letters 
and sentences before the world, is, first, 
the power and essentiality of individual¬ 
ism, and after that the undisputed and 
unhampered right of conscience. John 
Stuart Mill, one of England's greatest 
thinkers and most versatile writers, said 
that “even despotism does not produce its 
worst effects so long as individuality exists 
under it. But whatever crushes individ¬ 
uality is despotism, by whatever name it 
may be called, whether it professes to be 


4 


82 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

enforcing the will of God or the injunc¬ 
tions of men.” To preserve the state and 
society man’s individuality must be pre¬ 
served. The decline and fall of Rome, 
Athens, Greece, Corinth, and all of the 
old Romance nations was largely due to 
the effort to crush out and keep down the 
personality of the individual citizen. 

I claim that Labor, to be rightly recog¬ 
nized and rightly enthroned, will preserve 
inviolate and unimpeachable the individ¬ 
uality of the citizen, that necessary factor 
in civilization and the warp and woof of 
social and civil fabric. And this will 
stimulate and brighten conscience, the 
sinew of true worthiness and greatness in 
individual and national life. The state 
can no more be the trustworthy and hon¬ 
orable guardian of rights and possessions 
without conscience than can the individ- 




EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 83 

ual. There must be a national con¬ 
science, and this is throttled and crushed 
when one part of the national life is in 
antagonism to the other. All must be 
exercised in freedom. But freedom is not 
doing and being without restraint or com¬ 
pass, but is the exercise of all one’s faculties 
and powers, having no limit but the good 
of our fellows and the glory of God. 

And thus industrial revolutions and dis¬ 
turbances will become a thing of the past, 
for all of these problems will have been 
solved by making Labor the basis and 
measure and mould of values. This is the 
solvent for all of these industrial wars, 
since Labor is the possession of all classes. 
Let this be done and no longer will men 
have to look at the sickening and revolt¬ 
ing picture which Chrysostom drew sev¬ 
enteen hundred years ago. Said that 


84 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

erudite Greek sage: “The just men who 
have gone on before left sumptuous feasts 
to tyrants and to men enriched by crime, 
who were the scourge of the world.” 

History, written in human blood, tells 
us most unmistakably that tyranny can 
not long subsist upon American soil. Let 
Labor declare herself free, and by so doing 
she cries “Eureka!” that she has found 
the solution for the problems that have 
long vexed statesmen and scholars and re¬ 
formers. This is not revolution nor so¬ 
cialism nor anarchy, but is simply retrac¬ 
ing and getting back to our original and 
rightful goal. 

It is argued that labor troubles be settled 
by the employer sharing the profits of his 
industry with the men who have helped 
him build it up, but this is neither logical 
nor feasible so long as the election and adop- 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 85 

tion of such a scheme is left entirely with 
the employer. But few instances are on 
record where he has been so disposed, and 
fewer instances are in evidence where he is 
whiling to submit the case to a disinterest¬ 
ed board of arbitration. But by placing 
an equitable value on the minumum price 
of labor, and thus not only dignify, but 
compensate and encourage Labor, and 
raise industry to its proper altitude and 
relation. Government can be more easily 
induced to defend the rights of Labor as 
it defends the rights of Capital. Such an 
unselfish protection will not incriminate 
government nor lay it open to hostility 
and threat. 


86 


THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 


Gbe Ulnit in Xabor 

< 31 vce tbe people tbe benefits Bccruins 
from Xabor^Savins /ibacblnerg. 

While labor-saving machinery has mar¬ 
velously reduced the drudgery of service, 
it has greatly reduced the number of la¬ 
borers without at the same time opening a 
corresponding number of avenues for la¬ 
bor. One type-setting machine does the 
work of five typos; one harvesting machine 
of the most modern type, combining reap¬ 
ing, threshing, sacking the grain and stack¬ 
ing the straw, does the work of twenty-five 
men. Pneumatic tube mail service, in 
which no additional service is required, 
has thrown multitudes of carriers out of 


EMANCIPATION" OF THE PEOPLE. 87 

employment, and the automatic telephone 
exchange entirely dispenses with the force 
in the central office. And so the list might 
be lengthened indefinitely. While we 
hail the dawn of this glorious electrical 
age, yet we are driven to look at the great 
sorrowful and hopeless ranks of idle men 
displaced in their places of genius and 
skill by machinery. These have invaded 
the columns of toil and greatly injured 
the rights of Labor. This has resulted in 
direct and gratifying returns to Capital, 
but produced misery and want and mutiny 
in the ranks of Labor. This has been to 
the destruction of homes and the severing 
of home ties; the filling of poor asylums 
and the increase of pauper pay rolls. 

But we contend that labor-saving ma¬ 
chinery, when properly introduced and 
manipulated, will result in good to the 


88 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

people as a whole. And this result can 
be realized only when this saved labor, 
saved by whatever method or mechanism, 
is credited to the people by reducing their 
length of zuoricing day. Energy and 
strength husbanded and saved must build 
for the race a higher and loftier plane, 
from which to view man's ultimate goal 
and good. The laborer is not rewarded in 
full according to h}s effort, for his effort 
is not in alignment or correspondence 
with his opportunity. The race horse and 
the draught horse are matched against each 
other, with the same reward at the end of 
the race for the winner. The draught 
horse puts forth more effort and expends 
more energy, but holds no place against 
the trained racer. There is not the corre¬ 
sponding capabilities, and hence no equal¬ 
ity of adjustment to each other. This but 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 89 

illustrates the conditions prevailing in the 
industrial world. Each laborer is not re¬ 
warded according to his efforts, and sel¬ 
dom according to his genius and capabil¬ 
ity, but rather according to the choice of 
his employer. 

Capital, constituting a part of the vast 
and intricate industrial world, must re¬ 
member that she has no more right to in¬ 
vade the ranks of Labor and take any of 
her possessions or spoils without just and 
reasonable compensation, than has Labor 
to invade the ranks of Capital and pur¬ 
loin her treasures or ruin her credits, 
and make neither amends nor considera¬ 
tions therefor, in the form of labor, which 
is her only commodity. Either method is 
dishonest, dishonorable, belittling, and 
demoralizing to trade and society. Under 
the present system this labor-saving ma- 


90 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

chinery but grinds the face of the poor 
and unprotected toiler and prevents his 
accomplishing the end of his mission. 
But if the standard of wages be fixed and 
then jealously guarded in its fixed position, 
and by determining the hours for a day’s 
labor, the people as a whole are the recip¬ 
ients of such blessings and benefits as 
result from the genius displayed in labor- 
saving machinery. The more labor saved 
or energy preserved, the higher must rise 
the standard or scale of civilization. But 
while we are displacing the mechanic with 
the machine we must not neglect to pro¬ 
vide a place of productiveness for the me¬ 
chanic, else the care of his dependent 
ones will fall upon the public. 




EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 91 


Making Xabot tbe lanit rail Control 
Crusts anD Combines. 

The regulation or control of Trusts is 
the supreme and absorbing question of the 
day and land. It occupies the uppermost 
place in the thought of statesmen, reform¬ 
ers, economists; and the School and the 
Church are giving it their best consider¬ 
ation and scholarship. The determina¬ 
tion of this question is the determining of 
the character of our future body politic. 

Corporations have been a blessing and 
a defense to people and commonwealth 
when rightly administered, and when the 
corporate mind was in sympathy with pub¬ 
lic interests. Great natural resources and 


92 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

latent powers and utilities have been de¬ 
veloped, and harnessed to the wheel of in¬ 
dustry; arid lands have been reclaimed; 
water ways and railroads have been built; 
engineering, civil and mechanical, have 
been made to do marvelous things and 
perform stupendous services; but corpo¬ 
rate rights and privileges, the gift of gov¬ 
ernment, have been abused, and the very 
objects of their creation have been thwart¬ 
ed and perverted. Corporations have com¬ 
bined and amalgamated until companies 
and private individuals engaged in similar 
trade or industry, have been forced into 
bankruptcy and liquidation. 

Prof. Jevons declares that “no laws, no 
customs, no rights of property are so sa¬ 
cred that they may not be made away 
with if it can be clearly shown that they 
stand in the way of the greatest happiness.” 



EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 93 

Men are far from happy, and government 
far from safe, and society far from pure, 
and institutions far from the largest ben- 
efitting function when hampered and 
threatened and tortured as they are to¬ 
day by Trusts and Combines, denying the 
people their rights and challenging the au¬ 
thority and intervention of federal govern¬ 
ment, By reducing the number of hours 
in a day’s work; by advancing the wage 
per day, and by holding these mighty ag¬ 
gregations to a strict accounting, will put 
a stunning veto upon much of their selfish 
and demoralizing legislation; will curb 
them in their mad endeavors to clothe 
themselves in purple and fine linen while 
the toilers who make their colossal for¬ 
tunes are clad in rags. 

Said Richard Rumbold, on the scaffold, 
in 1685: “ I never could believe that Prov- 


94 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

idence had sent a few men into the world 
ready booted and spurred for the ride, 
and millions ready saddled and bridled to 
be ridden.” Providence never perpetrat¬ 
ed such a heinous crime, but the pervert¬ 
ed reason and selfish ambitions of men 
have. 

The law and rights of Labor are equally 
binding on genius, mediocrity, Capital and 
self. But self is not to be made a tread¬ 
mill nor reduced to treadmill service. “A 
thinking peasant means a trembling 
throne,” and the peasants (laborers) are 
now thinking as never before that thrones 
may tremble as never before. 

Some one has said that Americans are 
born busy and that they never find time 
to be idle. This is not only an adage, but 
is a law apparent in American industrial 
life, and this law and many others the 





EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 95 

Trusts and Combines are utterly abrogat¬ 
ing with selfish impunity, Their specific 
object is to reduce the number of laborers, 
compel a few to do the work of many and 
thus reduce expenses and multiply divi¬ 
dends. These men deprived of their places 
in shop, factory, at forge, loom, blast fur¬ 
nace, etc., to which they were inured and 
for which they had been schooled, are, by 
the acts of Trusts, thrown out into the in¬ 
dustrial world to compete in the already 
over-crowded ranks. They must live, 
either by labor or upon the benefactions 
of the community. They are ashamed to 
beg but not ashamed to work. Many of 
the overworked, those who are doing the 
labor of several, are compelled to work for 
days and nights with no relief, until nerves 
are unstrung, eyes bleared, sense dulled, 
hands trembling; and yet in this state men 


96 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

are forced to become the guardians and 
sponsors of human life, as railroad men, 
etc. By reducing the hours to constitute 
a day’s labor, closely and carefully defin¬ 
ing what shall constitute a day’s labor, 
and then compelling a close adherence to 
these regulations and laws, more men will 
be afforded employment; raise the wage 
commensurate with skill and results, and 
there will be a corresponding reduction of 
crime, pauperism, trampism, intemper¬ 
ance, and all the beggarly elements of a 
depraved society, and in consequence an 
elevation of society. 

If Trusts advance the price of the com¬ 
modities of life beyond a reasonable stand¬ 
ard to give a fair profit upon the industry, 
then the price of labor should also be ad¬ 
vanced in a corresponding ratio. The 
price of labor should always be in fair pro- 



EMANCIPATION- OF THE PEOPLE. 97 

portion to the profits of the business. If 
Trusts advance the price of goods or shares 
into fictitious or watered values, labor 
should also be advanced in like proportion. 
As the price of labor advances the pur¬ 
chasing price of money decreases in a cor¬ 
responding ratio. If a day’s labor is worth 
one dollar to-day, but to-morrow is worth 
two dollars, the purchasing power of money 
has decreased one hundred percent., while 
the value of labor has increased one hun¬ 
dred per cent. Hence, let the Minimum 
Price of a Day’s Labor Constitute the Unit 
of Values and this will dissolve Trusts and 
Combines and give employment to the 
multitudes they made idle. 


5 


98 


THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 


Sucb a THnlt *0111111 Solve tbe problem ot 
jfemale llnbustrv* 

Woman has come to be a strong and 
threatening competitor of man. But few 
industries are to-day closed to her. Four 
things in particular have ushered her into 
these open doors: First, a desire for in¬ 
dependence, to be her own provider, to be 
fully qualified for burden bearing and re¬ 
sponsibility and family support if circum¬ 
stances ever demanded it. This was laud¬ 
able and praiseworthy. Second, the re¬ 
duction of wage to the male members of 
the family not being sufficient to meet 
the legitimate expenses of the family, so 
woman’s work was required to supplement 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 99 

the family earnings. This is disgraceful 
and blameworthy to those who caused such 
industrial conditions. Third, intemper¬ 
ate habits and practices of the wage earn¬ 
ers, giving their wage “for that which is 
not bread.” This is damnable, and to be 
condemned as a thing without one redeem¬ 
ing feature. This to run rampant would 
devastate a land and wreck the empires 
of the world. Fourth, the invention of 
labor-saving machinery, much of which 
can be manipulated by the deft and deli¬ 
cate hand of a girl as well as by the strong 
hand of a giant. This has worked much 
damage to the family as an institution, the 
unit of civil and political life. 

Woman is not only the architect of the 
home, but the creative and actuating spirit 
of its life. The home is the woman’s 
sphere and realm, which she can gladden 



100 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

or sadden, darken or lighten, organize or 
disorganize. In fact, the home is the 
woman’s handiwork. This is the holy- 
shrine at which seers and sages, patriots 
and prophets, statesmen and reformers de¬ 
light to worship. The home is just what 
woman wills and makes it. The philoso¬ 
phy of the state is in the home—is formu¬ 
lated about the hearthstone. As is the 
home so will the nation, its laws and insti¬ 
tutions, be. What is taught and fostered 
in the home, woman’s holy realm, will, 
in the second generation, dominate in the 
state. 

Now take woman out of the home, the 
moulding room and pattern room of the 
nation, and put her into the ranks of 
toil, and there is immediately lost to the 
world the architect necessary for its great¬ 
est purity and highest development. 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 101 

Woman bidding for the industry of man 
has given birth to a spirit of idleness, 
and indifference, and intemperance to her 
brother. Woman occupying these posi¬ 
tions has had a tendency to unsex her— 
take away from her that inborn native 
grace and charm and refinement of man¬ 
ner and life which is her individual and 
specific possession and gift. But fix and 
make immovable the wage, and this will 
apply to both sexes. This will serve as a 
protector to woman, and define her place 
in the industrial world, and keep her with¬ 
in the limits of this holy and divine realm. 

So long as woman has to bid in the open 
markets of labor for a share of industry, 
against her inclinations, capabilities, and 
tastes, but as a matter of grave and urgent 
necessity, so long will the wage of all 
forms of labor in which she engages be 


102 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

at the minimum. But establish the wage 
in industry, and the result of effort will 
be the thing rewarded and not the indi¬ 
vidual. Or, in other words, make perma¬ 
nent the wage, that service performed by 
either sex will be the same; this will em¬ 
ploy the male member of society as the 
bread-winner and remand the woman from 
shop, factory, mill, store, etc., back to the 
home, where she rightly belongs. 

While woman has made some striking 
achievements in the fields of industry, in¬ 
vention and the manipulation of affairs, 
yet her very fineness of constitution, plas¬ 
ticity of mind, gentleness of manner, re¬ 
semblance to the divine, and frailty of 
body, unfit her for the arduous toils of 
livelihood. She may have been intended 
as a competitor in the fine arts, in music, 
painting, the drama, etc., but she has al- 


EMANCIPATION" OF THE PEOPLE. 103 

lowed her mind to be educated away from 
the natural and legitimate province of her 
life and influence and work. Mind that 
is educated at the expense of heart is a 
dangerous precedent and procedure. Man 
should be the earner and woman the learn¬ 
er; man the fortress to the world and wom¬ 
an the citadel to the home. Let woman 
readjust herself with grace and reverence 
to the sphere which becomes her. The 
silly affectations and numerous deceits of 
society are irascible, misinterpreting; but 
let woman be possessed of her blest virtues 
and return to her sphere, with naturalness 
and sincerity, qualities peculiar, and re¬ 
freshing, and fascinating, and which are 
arts and graces and powers that will lift 
her to the summit of her usefulness as a 
home maker. Woman should be more of 
the passive type than of the aggressive. 


104 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

She thus appeals to the manliness of man, 
and sparkles as a radiant gem in human 
society, whose charm and center she is. 

Let a Day’s Wage be made the Standard 
of Values, and woman will be allowed to 
re-grace the home, and cement all its deli¬ 
cate and essential features and charms in¬ 
to a glorious institution, as pure as a 
sunbeam, as holy as angels, as true as God. 
This is the nation’s citadel and stronghold, 
and must be kept free from weaknesses 
and demolition to insure the perpetuation 
of society and the governments of the 
earth. 

Woman, as an industrial factor, and her 
genius and skill as an industrial fact, were 
not considered until after the close of the 
Civil War. No statistics were tabulated 
along this line until 1870, when the an¬ 
nouncement was made that 338 occupa- 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 105 

tions were" open to women, and 1,838,228 
females were “engaged in gainful occu¬ 
pations.” This was about 15 per cent, of 
the entire female population of the nation. 
In 1880, or during the first decade of these 
statistics, the number had increased to 
2,647,157, and the census of 1890, the last 
reported, records 3,914,571 women wage 
earners, twice the number in 1870, and 
comprising about 17i per cent, of all the 
females of the country. 

Statistics show that the number of men 
wage earners had actually diminished dur¬ 
ing the same period. This vast number 
of mothers and wives and daughters actu¬ 
ally employed as “bread winners” were not 
such by choice, but as a result of indus¬ 
trial evolution. In consequence thereof 
household duties have largely passed to the 
factory and the home has passed to soci- 


106 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

ety, and the mainstay to the Republic has 
been swallowed up in the mad whirl for 
wealth and ease. 

The factory mother can not be expected 
to possess her fineness of soul, nor the fac¬ 
tory girl the mother wit of ancestry of 
Puritanic type and habit. Women work¬ 
ers are crowding into the labor market in 
such vast and alarming proportions as to 
menace and endanger the industrial and 
domestic world. This will prove a social 
as well as an economic calamity, and is a 
danger signal to be taken note of. It is a 
matter of utmost moment and one of great 
ethical importance. We can not afford to 
wink at it, lest we soon wince under it. 

Establish the Unit of Values upon a new 
basis. Labor, and much of this which 
threatens the dignity, character, strength 
and sweetness of national life will be pre- 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 107 

served inviolate and intact. No nation 
can afford to allow its mothers, “the holi¬ 
est things alive,” as Mr. Emerson called 
them, to be reduced to the ranks of com¬ 
petitors in the labor and industrial world. 
The downfall of woman precedes the down¬ 
fall of nations. 

Woman’s greater force is in her instinct 
or innate disposition rather than in her 
trained mind, according to the rules and 
standards of modern science and letters. 
To store her mind with the abstractions 
of profound culture is to dwarf her nat¬ 
ural feminine qualities of heart and intu¬ 
itional faculties. 

Developing the physicial senses at the 
expense of the senses of soul, and creating 
intellectual giantesses in lieu of living and 
sympathetic wives and mothers, is precip¬ 
itating society into a wild maelstrom of 


108 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

ruin and thrusting the state over the prec¬ 
ipice of dismemberment. The desire for 
wisdom on the part of our common mother. 
Eve, placed the ban of sin and pain upon all 
her countless descendants, and indelibly 
stamped the seal of transgression upon all 
human flesh. I repeat that woman should 
be passive rather than aggressive, that she 
may be the scintillating and sparkling 
gem filling the home with lustre and love. 

A yearning disposition and superlative 
desire for soul union with the divine filled 
the soul of Mary, the virgin mother of 
Christ, as the fragrant odor of the costly 
spikenard filled all the room as his feet 
were anointed for burial, many years after; 
this longing covered her soul as a man¬ 
tle, or as the glistening hoar frost covers 
the valleys. 

We are short sighted creatures at best, 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 109 

and are prone to look too yearningly for 
immediate rewards, and to think that the 
present is our entire responsibility and 
concern, forgetting that the dispositions 
of soul, the deformities of body, and the 
habits of mind may be bequeathed to suc¬ 
ceeding generations. But if wages be 
fixed as one of the eternal laws of nature 
or life, then circumstances will be of such 
character as to result in woman’s elevation 
back again into her own divine sphere to 
the glory of God and the blessings of the 
race of men. Establish the wage that 
woman will not have to be the help-make 
of her husband, but the help-meet. 


110 


THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 


/l&akhiG Xabor tbe *dnit 
mill IRegulatc mi Unbustrp HBUtbout 
Government Ownership. 

It is not the author’s object to oppose 
Government ownership of the great and es¬ 
sential means of public convenience and 
utility, but rather to show some of the 
objections to the government undertaking 
the control and operation of all industry. 

It is evident that an individual who has 
his personal interest at stake will operate 
an industry at less expense than can 
the state, which could be constantly em¬ 
barrassed and impeded by a great com¬ 
pany of professional office seekers. These 
would claim reward for party service, even 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. Ill 

though they were not fitted and qualified 
for the humblest office within the gift of 
the people. 

Then, second, government ownership 
would prevent the growth of individual 
genius and independency, and the natural 
ambitions of man. But the great agen¬ 
cies necessary for communication between 
the distant parts of the state, and for ex¬ 
change of products, etc., should be under 
the close and direct surveillance of the 
state. The essentials of Industry are 
Land, Labor, and Capital, and all econ¬ 
omists and students of industry agree that 
supply and demand must be regulated if 
Industry is regulated. Establish these as 
cardinal and necessary factors in the in¬ 
dustrial world, and Industry will be regu¬ 
lated by and out of itself, and there will be 
guaranteed equal rights and returns to all. 


112 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

National ownership and superintend¬ 
ency of some of the great utilities and 
agencies of the people may be well and 
necessary, but to be a free and aggressive 
commonwealth we need not release all 
ownership in fee simple to federal govern¬ 
ment. We object to the genius and skill 
of men being absorbed by and lost in the 
state, just as we object to the man himself 
being forced into such an unnatural con¬ 
dition. 

Man has an unimpeachable right to the 
results of his skill and toil, for they are a 
part of himself. And the government 
should consider itself the able guardian 
and protector of all. It must always lie 
within the province of the state, though, 
to regulate and manipulate industry to 
the greatest good of the largest number, 
and this no citizen will deny; but I merely 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 113 

want to suggest a new motive and standard 
of regulation, which would result in a new 
system. Now to transfer the Unit of 
Value from the Gold Dollar to a Day’s 
Labor, or the Price of a Day’s Labor, 
would be so much more representative of 
the masses of the people composing the 
state, and would therefore affect more in¬ 
terests, a greater number of citizens, a 
greater diversity of employments, and rad¬ 
iate through a larger area. 

It is not my object to draw greater hon¬ 
ors or favors to Labor, nor to provoke 
controversy between it and Capital, nor 
to antagonize any opponent, but on the 
other hand to promote a better under¬ 
standing of each and a better feeling as 
between each, and to aid government, if 
possible, in its efforts to extend protection 
and help to all alike. I insist that to rec- 


6 


114 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

ognize the Price of a Day’s Labor as the 
Unit of Value, and measure all things 
from this unit, will regulate industry with¬ 
out putting all things into the possession 
or even trusteeship of the government. 

It is well to delegate to federal govern¬ 
ment the duty of opening or preparing 
outlets for the enormous products of her 
people, but if Labor is rightly and equita¬ 
bly recognized, the state need not be the 
owner of all industries and utilities to give 
helpful advice and service to artisan and 
mechanic, thinker and writer, and all the 
many millions listed as laborers. Alford 
the laborer an unmolested opportunity to 
exert his energies, and manifest his skill, 
and declare his honesty and willingness to 
be a producer, and he will immediately 
become a heavier consumer. But where 
credit is denied and labor is denied there 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 115 

is nothing for the mechanic to do but beg 
or steal, or live on the charities of the 
community. And this is what vast multi¬ 
tudes have been forced to do, because of 
the slavish conditions and restrictions im¬ 
posed by Capital, and the refusal of gov¬ 
ernment to come to the poor man’s rescue. 
But establish the unit of value in this 
same poor laborer’s day’s energy and genius 
and you at once protect the state against 
internal revolutions and external attempts 
at subjugation. This will afford employ¬ 
ment to idle labor, and thus of necessity, 
also, afford a sure and generous home 
market for all products. 

In this readjustment no overtures will 
need be made to federal government or 
municipality to buy natural and acquired 
franchises on the plea that the people, 
the patrons, are being denied their share 


116 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

of benefits accruing, or that laborers are 
not properly remunerated for their skill 
and energy and effort in developing or op¬ 
erating these franchises or industries. 
Congress need not be petitioned to under¬ 
take the delicate task of appointing com¬ 
mittees to inquire into the conduct of 
corporations, on the plea that they are 
robbing the people, and that strikes are 
but the logical, eloquent and sometimes 
well founded petitions of Labor for her 
just recognition and deserts. Install La¬ 
bor as the Measure and Guardian of Pub¬ 
lic and Private Values, and individual 
and corporate ownership will be granted 
peaceable direction and possession of all 
their legitimate rights; and government 
will be left free to prosecute its divine 
and indefinable functions for the pub¬ 
lic weal and good, and not be burdened 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 117 

and embarrassed as a landlord or stock¬ 
holder. 

To employ labor profitably to both em¬ 
ployer and employe is to regulate industry 
to the good and mutual profit of all. In¬ 
stead of one man working twenty-four 
hours with neither rest nor sleep, employ 
three men for a turn of eight hours each. 
Instead of one family becoming rich while 
two families grow poor and are finally 
thrown upon charity, make a distribution 
of wage and work to the self support of 
all three families. Reduce the hours of 
work until all are employed, for an idle 
man is a dangerous man, and the per cent, 
of such dangerous men of their own free 
will and choice is infinitesimally small. 

Reduce the hours so that every man can 
be employed, and you raise the wage. This 
is in consequence of laborers being scarce 


118 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

in the market, as nearly all, if not all, are 
employed. Let national Congress fix a 
certain number of hours as a day^s labor, 
and the laboring world can be relied upon 
to enforce the law, and that, too, in a 
manly and dignified manner. 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 119 


Making Haber tbe IHnit of Dalue mm 
IBenefit Capital. 

Of recent times the Capitalist is looked 
upon as the usurper of all industrial 
authority and rights—the man who dis¬ 
regards the rights and provinces of his 
fellows. 

It is not the purpose of the author to 
inaugurate a revolution in money circles 
nor to disturb any proper principles which 
experience and practice have proven to be 
fundamental to national and international 
commerce and trade, but to seek to ground 
the rights of all classes upon the same 
equitable and feasible foundation—one as 
just and economical for the capitalist as 


120 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

for the humble toiler. And these reforms 
will come about sooner or later by some 
method or process, or society and the body 
politic will come to ruin and devastation. 
The preservation and value and utility of 
such should be the concern of every citizen. 

It is the small capitalist, such as the 
thrifty farmer, the merchant, the small 
manufacturer, to whom these suggestions 
are particularly addressed. These consti¬ 
tute the burden bearing and vital element 
in society. These are they who have the 
interests of the entire community at heart. 
They pay almost the entire taxes of the 
country, and thus become the sole support¬ 
ers of government, federal, state and mu¬ 
nicipal. They should not be denied rep¬ 
resentation, and be ground down under 
the iron heel of any form of tyranny or 
deprivation. From these classes came 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 121 

forth the armies that saved the Republic, 
and they form the buttress and bulwark 
and sure defense of it to-day. In propor¬ 
tion to their prosperity must be the pros¬ 
perity of the larger share-holders of the 
world's wealth. Let these classes proclaim 
their sacred and indefeasible rights, and 
voice their sentiments in no unmistakable 
notes on these needed reforms, and de¬ 
mand consideration of them, and the 
adoption of them as for the good of soci¬ 
ety as a whole; then the larger concerns 
and capitalists will fall into line. They 
can readily see that whatever prospers and 
benefits the man of less means must result 
in general good. 

The prosperous man in the community 
is the representative man, in that if he 
has honestly and honorably manipulated 
financial affairs so as to build up a com- 


122 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

fortable competency for himself, he is 
worthy and capable of being intrusted with 
the larger community interests. The great 
middle class in our country carries the 
balance of power on all questions, and by 
making the Day’s Labor the Unit of Value 
this great Middle Class is directly affected 
and invested with their sovereign rights. 
The weal or woe, the good or ill, the pro¬ 
gression or retrogression of society and the 
state rests with them. Invest with them 
the unit-making authority and they will 
deposit it in Labor, the representative pos¬ 
session of all classes, and the special pos¬ 
session of the middle and lower classes. 

Capital, as thought of in this book, is a 
broad and representative thing, whether 
stored in the brain or in the bank, and 
means all accumulations of genius and 
goods. But we desire to make a clear and 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 123 

positive distinction between the Capital¬ 
ist and the ordinary business man—the 
one who invests his money in ordinary 
commodities for sale. 

This above referred-to capitalist is the 
man who has his vast wealth invested in 
gold or securities that never come under 
the influence of a fluctuation of value; and 
in this way he retains a sovereign influ¬ 
ence and supremacy over the world of in¬ 
dustry; and this power is perpetuated from 
one generation to the other, by the en¬ 
dowment of his first born with his colossal 
fortune, somewhat after the plan of Eng¬ 
lish royalty, whereby wealth is concen¬ 
trated in the names of a feio . 

In the second place, this capitalist places 
such a profit on his investments that his 
income is almost stationary, and his estate 
does not realize the fluctuations of trade 


124 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

and commerce in other departments. Re¬ 
gardless of the panics that are threatening 
the life of the commercial world, he is un¬ 
moved. His investments are not in such 
securities or commodities as are suscepti¬ 
ble to fluctuations, for bonds, mortgages 
and money are always worth his principal 
and interest, and even in times of commer¬ 
cial depression he will often derive an ad¬ 
ditional profit as a bonus. When a finan¬ 
cial crisis overtakes such a capitalist's 
debtor, the debtor's loss is the creditor's 
gain. These are the classes who dodge 
the tax collector, and avoid making con¬ 
tributions to state and national expenses; 
and also has voice in the making and the 
administration of laws to suit his conven- 
iency, and to protect his goal and gold. 

We are making no charge whatever 
against the small money loaner, and the 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 125 

banker, for these are necessary adjuncts to 
industrial life; but our criticism is simply 
upon the multi-millionaire, who simply is a 
parasite on society and the body politic, 
and oftimes a positive menace to the de¬ 
velopment and welfare of the commercial 
and industrial world, and is an avowed 
enemy to the Laboring Man. 

Establish the Unit in Labor and these 
conditions are so changed as to make the 
disciple of the pick and hoe independent 
of those his enemies, and a dictator of the 
policy of government which shall rule all , 
with favors for none. 


126 


THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 


Cbts IRevv /ibetbob anb mmt TOU TUnite 
/ibore Closely tbe HHvlbeb Classes* 

Even the man furthest removed from 
the hives of Industry, the meeting place 
of the Aristocratic and Laboring classes, 
can easily and perfectly discern a strained 
relation between these classes. It is pain¬ 
ful that the two people who are absolutely 
dependent upon each other should be such 
strangers to each other. So long as Cap¬ 
ital and Labor are striving against each 
other, so long is there a vexatious waste 
of energjr, and the best interests of both 
are lost sight of and defeated. But when 
their mutual rights and interests are 
grounded upon a standard or unit which 


EMANCIPATION OF TIIE PEOPLE. 127 

would without partiality represent each 
one’s entire and positive interests, so as 
to balance each other, then error’s ways 
will be forsaken, and Capital and Labor 
will be mutually helpful and amicably as¬ 
sociated and related. As the inspired 
writer has said, “The Envy of Ephraim 
shall depart, and the adversaries of Juda 
shall be cut off.” 

I believe that the establishment of such a 
unit will have a direct and immediate ben¬ 
eficial effect upon Capital, as such would 
Remove the Bone of Contention, would 
Satisfy the Demands of Labor, and Just¬ 
ify the Claims of Capital. The demands 
of Labor then would not be the same as 
now, nor would the exactions of Capital be 
the same as now, for all the relations be¬ 
tween the two would be readjusted by the 
removal of the cause of the contention. 


128 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

We believe the establishing of such a unit 
is within the bounds of very reasonable 
possibility, and can be done with but little 
friction, inasmuch as it is but the natural 
evolution of the germ idea of a Christian 
community, governed and dominated by 
the logic of the Golden Rule. Can the 
feasibility and the practicability of this 
proposition work its way into the minds 
and hearts of people, it would be warmly 
accepted and endorsed by the wisest and 
best of all lands and nations and races. 

It is but the argument to- unloose the 
galling shackles that have bound men for 
untold ages; to unstrap the weighty bur¬ 
dens that have borne them down for the 
same period of time; would be to level up 
the undulated and straighten the crooked 
pathways that men have been forced to 
follow for generations; would be dispelling 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 129 

the clouds that have hung thick and 
threatening and with weird and destruc¬ 
tive countenance, over us for long ages. 

This is the most logical, and at the same 
time the most economical and the most 
natural, way of unifying the divided class¬ 
es, and causing each to feel and have a 
vital and fraternal interest in the other. 

This Labor Unit affords a platform, 
broad and secure, for all classes, and even 
the multi-millionaire must recognize that 
this is also a canopy to protect his vast in¬ 
terests from the attacks of aggrieved labor¬ 
ers. Establish the Unit in Labor and the 
chasms are bridged. 


7 


130 


THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 


XTbe lUnit In Xabor Go^iRelates BU 
Ittattons anD peoples* 

International relation is a grand and 
sublime idea and possibility, which would 
afford the maximum of sufficiency and 
efficiency, and would be something in the 
nature of a bulwark and defense, strong 
and impregnable, to all. Such an idea, 
possible of realization, is inspiring, and is 
a goal sufficiently high and grand to call 
forth the activities of all the individual 
and national faculties. 

There is strong and unquestionable evi¬ 
dence that God is co-relating and congre¬ 
gating nations and peoples, to the working 
out of his own divine and immutable plan. 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 131 

This is one of the pleasant and salutary 
evidences that man is steadily and strongly 
inclining to the doctrine that each is the 
other’s keeper, for whom he is sponsor. 

It is self-evident that the Governor of 
all is using the United States as the beacon 
light for all other nations, putting her as 
leader and captain of the mighty host. 
Since the United States is a nation of 
w T orkers, with no nobility or gentry classes, 
this is somewhat in evidence that Labor 
is being recognized as the Unit of Values, 
and the sole thing to determine the 
valuable relations of all commodities and 
utilities. 

The twentieth century will no doubt 
witness the draft the United States has 
made for the governments of the earth, 
all of which will be merging into some 
form of democracy, in which the rights 


132 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

and wishes of the people will be recognized 
and built upon. In this new universal 
government there will be granted the full¬ 
est expression of individual ideas on all 
subjects of national importance. 

Since the destruction of the Spanish 
Armada in 1588 by England, English ideas 
of state and politics and life have been in 
the ascendancy, until to-day the world is 
almost Anglicized. But England has ever 
retained something of the Roman and 
Spartan idea or method of bringing other 
peoples under her banner of civilization. 
It has been mostly by presuming the weak¬ 
nesses or necessities of other peoples or na¬ 
tions, and acting upon the aggressive, 
invading these lands with powerful armies 
and sweeping their navies from the seas, 
and bringing these weaker peoples to adopt 
her standards of government and life 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 133 

through conquest and subjugation. Even 
yet England is sailing all seas and survey¬ 
ing all lands in prospect of opening new 
marts of trade for her increasing products 
of loom, shop, and factory. She is at the 
same time multiplying her alms houses 
and pauper asylums, and impoverishing 
her laboring classes. If she would make 
Labor the Unit of Value, and allow her 
wage to increase as a logical necessity, 
much of this surplus product would find 
a home consumption by the very artisans 
and toilers who made the articles. 

But England (and England is not alone 
in this) is serving her Noble and Patrician 
classes to the neglect of her Laboring 
classes. Did England avail herself of this 
new idea and system she would not be en¬ 
ticed to other lands, and into shedding 
blood to keep her mills and factories go- 


134 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

ing; and she would be thus working out 
for herself a loftier and sublimer destiny. 
But alas for England! The awful hand¬ 
writing is gleaming out upon the walls, 
indicative that English glory and suprem¬ 
acy are fading, and her sun is sinking. 
Other and younger nations are to become 
the ascendant and lead the world to higher 
planes and loftier altitudes—unto better 
forms and systems of government, and to 
a broader and deeper and higher concep¬ 
tion of the political ideas and philosophy 
of Jesus. 

While we yield the leadership of this 
grand upward movement to the United 
States, yet we do not for a moment be¬ 
lieve she will adopt the system of conquest 
to reach this goal—the ambition of other 
peoples as well. We will not subjugate 
peoples that we may make them consum- 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 135 

ers of our products, but rather make our 
system and manner of national life so 
glorious that other peoples will be attract¬ 
ed to us, as the steel is attracted to the 
magnet. Other nations are already study- 
our system of government, and the newer 
governments are becoming quite eclectic. 
By thus imbuing peoples with the grandeur 
of our system and thus inclining them to 
us, we violate no law of national or inter¬ 
national comity, nor invade the rights of 
any. 

Despotic methods of national life must 
be left to despotic peoples, those who pre¬ 
fer despotism to representative govern¬ 
ment, if there be any such, whose methods 
may be utilized in subduing semi-barbar¬ 
ous clans and peoples and bringing them 
under the dominion of a more civilized 
master. Some peoples are yet found of 


136 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

wliom it is thought they should have a 
master before they are capable of self-gov¬ 
ernment, and before they would appreciate 
the life and institutions of civilization and 
liberty. 

But America is destined to teach the 
lessons of universal freedom, and to pro¬ 
claim this the privilege of all. Now 
while we are thus honored and equipped 
we can discharge our duty to the world 
and to God by recognizing the Unit of 
Value in Labor as the Basis of our Indus¬ 
trial Life, thus insuring the wage and pur¬ 
chasing power of her own people so they 
shall be rendered able to consume what 
they produce. The people will then have 
some measure of reward for their efforts 
and genius, and some reasonable share of 
profits. There will be no occasion for war 
or conquest for greed or gold. 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 137 

High Tariff is to be the means or method 
of self-protection, to keep out the pro¬ 
ducts of other peoples who are yet deter¬ 
mined on a low wage—one out of all pro¬ 
portion to the genius required and the 
effort expended. But upon the adoption 
of our system by other nations, making it 
universal in its scope, declaring Labor to 
be the Unit of Value, then international 
relation would resolve itself into Free 
Trade as between all nations holding the 
same unit. No nation would then have 
need of a powerful navy to protect its for¬ 
eign interests, and hereby would be reduc¬ 
tion of the machines and munitions of 
war. America would become the one great 
neutralizing and centralizing power, im¬ 
pressing all others with her superior and 
humane laws and ways. 

The socialism of Germany and Russia 


138 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

is a strong argument that the peoples of 
the earth are about to demand Labor to be 
the Unit. Let this demand be granted 
ere it be enforced by gatling gun and sab¬ 
er, a waste of energy and life, and a break¬ 
ing of nations and homes, and a tearing 
asunder of kin greater than the confusion 
of tongues at the building of Babel. 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 130 


CHART. 


Labor is the original and fundamental 
and Gold the acquired TJnit. 


UNIT 

of 

VALUE 

LABOR 

on 

and 

MONEY 

Hours and Wages. 

5 S3.00 

6 $2.50 


Paper 

7 $2.25 


371\ gr. Silver 

8 $2.00 


23i gr. Gold 

MINIMUM 


MAXIMUM 


EQUAL 

Number of hours and minimum of wages 
To suit times and conditions 
To be fixed by Congress. 

Capital will regulate supply and Labor 
will regulate demand. 

THEN 

“ Ephraim shall not envy Juda and Juda 
shall not vex Ephraim — Isa. 11:13. 



140 


THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 


KEY TO CHART. 

Labor will always have a market value , 
in some measure corresponding with its 
demand and efficiency. These things es¬ 
tablish a market price. It is not the pur¬ 
pose of the writer to intimate that Con¬ 
gress or any other law-making body can 
establish or fix a price on labor varying 
substantially from its value, determined 
by demand and efficiency. But federal 
government is to adjust the number of 
working hours to employ all who are able 
to and need work, that none may be idle 
or dependent. 

A reduction of hours will insure better 
domestic conditions, a decrease of intem¬ 
perance and pauperism, will be productive 
of better tastes in the departments of mor¬ 
als, learning, economy, and in the entire 



EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 141 

realm of life. This must of necessity 
make the producer a better consumer, as 
it multiplies his legitimate wants. 

The propoposition that without varia¬ 
tion the elimination of these evils moves 
parallel with and proportionate to the in¬ 
crease of man’s social opportunities, stands 
without impeachment of its historical ac¬ 
curacy. 

It can not be shown that a reduction of 
the hours of a workday has had a detri¬ 
mental effect on business, on manufactur¬ 
ing, on Labor, as a unit, or on the charac¬ 
ter of the laborers themselves. But on 
the other hand whatever improvement has 
been made in the life and environment of 
the laboring world, is largely due to a 
decrease in the number of working hours 
in a day. The shortening of the work¬ 
day results in an increase of wages, as 


142 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

greater consumption enlarges production, 
and the larger the scale of production the 
cheaper the article. Hence the laborer, 
when he has more leisure from the shorter 
workday, has new aspirations, ambitions, 
higher ideals, greater personal respect, and 
wants and really needs a better house, bet¬ 
ter furniture, better clothes, better food, 
and is a larger consumer. 

The scale of wages is controlled by the 
legitimate wants of the laborer in any 
given state of society, rather than by the 
“iron law of wages.” Law is to reduce 
and sustain the workday until labor mark¬ 
ets will not be crowded to overflowing, as 
at present; and Congress is to recognize 
the minimum price of a day’s labor until 
labor values shall be on a par with money 
values. The employer himself will in¬ 
crease the wage that he may get his pro- 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 143 

duct into the market, and Congress but 
supports him in his laudable effort. It is 
an economic law that the shorter the work 
day the higher the wage, as previously 
shown. 

Not all the employers or purchasers of 
labor are the enemies of labor, but on the 
contrary, many are warm and ardent 
friends of the toiling masses. This would 
take away much of the difficulty of 
adopting such a beneficent method or 
system. 

Many employers are striving to benefit 
the conditions of their employes, but the 
conditions are so against them that not 
much headway is being made. But when 
the highest law-making body of the nation 
recognizes the laborer's rights, and estab¬ 
lishes the Unit of Value in his Day's La¬ 
bor, and fixes the hours that shall consti- 


144 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

tute a day’s work, then will be eliminated 
that greed in the markets of labor. 

These establishments of Congress would 
be hailed with joy by the industrial world, 
and would be enforced by all labor bodies 
and organizations; and if any employer 
opposed, he would soon find himself “ with¬ 
out an empire,” or any constituency of his 
selfishness. 


EMANCIPATION- OF THE PEOPLE. 145 


General Summary. 

In discussing this most interesting and 
vital subject the author has kept three 
things constantly before him, and these 
three things are so intertwined that they 
cannot be separated without injury to all. 
They are, the Commonwealth, or social 
fabric. Capital, and Labor. All these 
must be invested with both duties and 
rights, defined by law for their individual 
and collective defense, and as a means of 
compelling the discharge of responsi¬ 
bilities. 

Capital has already an existence in the 
statutory life of all governments, enabling 
herself to afford a sure and positive defense 


8 


14G THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

to all her wide and majestic rights. Capi¬ 
tal, then, having such an existence, she 
may well be compelled to discharge her 
duties, and not to trespass upon the rights 
of Labor. 

Now Labor must also have legal and 
well-defined rights, of like importance, 
and these rights must be vouchsafed it for 
the same and sufficient reasons of those 
granted to Capital. One is just as essen¬ 
tial to the well-being and prosperity of the 
commonwealth as the other, and each 
should receive proper and equal considera¬ 
tion from the state. 

The Commonwealth has the undeniable 
and unimpeachable right to enact any 
statute restricting organizations or com¬ 
binations and deny functions that may 
disturb public affairs or threaten society. 
Its duty is to provide for and enforce such 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 147 

laws as will adjust Capital and Labor, and 
give them voice and weight in all things 
in proportion to their value and necessity 
in the industrial world. 

America began her illustrious career by 
declaring that all men are created free 
and equal, and that none were to have 
superior rights over others, or franchises 
that would enslave any. This is recog¬ 
nized the world over as the American po¬ 
litical and social idea, and upon this idea 
we have been able to build up a powerful 
commonwealth. With us each citizen is 
the equal of each other citizen, and none 
the peer of the other for unlawful and 
selfish aggrandizement or gain. This gen¬ 
ius and polity, sternly held to, has pro¬ 
moted many from the ranks of employe to 
employer. 

It must ever be kept in view that labor 


148 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

is something more than a mere commod¬ 
ity; it is a unit, a part of man’s self-hood, 
and is not only competent to organize and 
direct itself, but to become the Measure 
of Values. To treat Labor as a thing to 
be simply bought in the market, as a 
lemon, and then squeezed for immediate 
uses, and then to be cast aside, is to treat 
it as something which it is not—as a com¬ 
modity and not as a man. The world is 
beginning to see in this labor, not only a 
citizen, in whom inheres valid rights and 
interests, but a Unit, capable of deter¬ 
mining the value and utility of all com¬ 
modities. 

It was the passion of old Rome and the 
law of the early Greek to reckon labor as 
only a commodity, and with this idea dom¬ 
inating they fell. The imperial eagles 
screamed from the Tiber in the far East to 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 149 

the homes of the barbarous clans and peo¬ 
ples in the West. The Gaul cried out of 
his servitude to the Goth, and wicked At- 
tila with his heartless Huns took up the 
cry, and all made it the evidences of their 
strength, and their blood-guiltiness was 
the herald and prophet of a new and bet¬ 
ter day. The fair-faced and golden-haired 
sons of the North swooped down upon the 
imperial and haughty nations, and Rome's 
eagles were wing-broken and their talons 
clipped, and the lair of the Greek lion was 
demolished, and the mighty beast chained 
by natural and irrevocable law. The des¬ 
tiny of these oppressors and usurpers and 
defamers was fixed, and now the relics of 
these once proud and austere despots are 
in the pawnshops and museums of the na¬ 
tions which have thrived on their ruins. 
The owl hoots in the places of their strong 


150 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

towers, and the jackal barrows in the 
places of their citadels. 

A new power and idea has been devel¬ 
oping and emerging forth through all 
these centuries, and is destined to take 
form and shape ere long in some positive 
way. 

Labor will no longer endure the iron 
heel of tyranny, since especially that she 
now fully realizes her necessity in the af¬ 
fairs and councils of the body politic. 

Making Labor the Unit of Values re¬ 
duces to a minimum the exigencies of so¬ 
cial and industrial revolution, for this of 
itself will be the revolution, to be termed 
more mildly an evolution, and will furnish 
the relief sought and needed. It will ele¬ 
vate woman back into her holy and natural 
sphere, and re-endow her with the dignity 
and glory of queen of the home, and de- 


EMANCIPATION' OF THE PEOPLE. 151 

terminer of the destiny of nations. The 
wage of man will now he quite sufficient 
for home expenses, and woman will not 
he forced into the labor markets and 
marts. The baleful influences and effects 
of intemperance will not so poison and 
destroy the home, for the society of the 
laborer will have improved with his im¬ 
proved wage and his increased liberties. 
The glow of happiness will encircle his 
brow like a rich halo, designating Labor 
not a commodity to be bought the cheap¬ 
est and sold the dearest, but rather a Unit 
to Measure Values, or a man to wield 
power and exercise dominion, and eventu¬ 
ally to stand before the judgment bar of a 
just and holy God. 

Labor that has no more recognition or 
emolument than its wage is no happier 
than the builders of the Egyptian pyra- 


152 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

mids, with their scanty fare of onions and 
garlic. 

To cause dissatisfaction in the industrial 
world is throwing, a firebrand into the cit¬ 
adel of the nation. The laborers of Eng¬ 
land, under Henry VIII, were grossly 
robbed when compelled to build bulwarks 
against the sea to prevent flood and disas¬ 
ter to the property of the rich; and when 
it is remembered that this labor was ex¬ 
acted without a farthing’s compensation, 
no wonder at the revolts and exoduses. 

The early Normans held the laborer in 
the utmost contempt, and allowed him 
scarce enough food for subsistence; but 
the idea of humanity has so evolved and 
strengthened that the laborer is being con¬ 
sidered not only worthy of his hire, but 
worthy a throne. And this throne, while 
it is not one of wood and mortar and 



EMANCIPATION" OF THE PEOPLE. 153 

brick, is being erected, and soon the man 
of toil will be the monarch of empires. 

We are asking nothing unjust of Capital 
to grant this recognition for which we 
plead; nor are we asking her to make sac¬ 
rifices, but rather to employ the most effi¬ 
cient method to enhance her own value, 
protect her own life, further her own in¬ 
terests, and to observe and regard one of 
the most fundamental laws of economic 
science. 

But let us take a broader view, a view 
that includes nations and empires, tongues 
and peoples. 

The aggressions of Russia make it neces¬ 
sary for the whole world to keep eye on 
her, and to divine, if possible, the motive 
and intent of her movements, and to un¬ 
derstand and discover her objective points. 

A few prophets are bold enough and au- 


154 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

dacious enough to declare that by and. by 
the Thames will flow into the Bosphorus, 
making a current exactly contrary to the 
one that now is. Napoleon’s famous say¬ 
ing, which saying almost classified him as a 
prophet, at least a sage, that the hand 
which governs Constantinople may with 
ease and grace hold the scepters of Europe 
and A.sia, or words to that effect—while 
from the standpoint and in the vernacular 
of the great Corsican chieftain, this had 
behind it a brilliant field of military ex¬ 
ploits and an elaborate treatise of military 
tactics, yet with Russia it had a gigantic 
industrial and colonization idea. 

Some acknowledge the Thames the great 
water-front of the world to-day; but what¬ 
ever nation possesses itself of Constantino¬ 
ple will transfer this water-front of the 
globe to the Bosphorus. Russia has tried 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 155 

this and been defeated, but she is not asleep 
nor ignorant of this great advantage. 
Russia demands some great and sufficient 
outlet for the vast agricultural, mechanic¬ 
al, and mineral products of her one hun¬ 
dred and thirty millions of people. What¬ 
ever may he thought of the petty details 
and effects of the Eastern question, it is 
bound to assume not only Asiatic propor¬ 
tions, but world-wide proportions, affect¬ 
ing America in all of her industries and 
concerns. 

One thousand years ago, when the 
Norse shallops were sailing up Massachu¬ 
setts Bay, Russia occupied only an insig¬ 
nificant strip of territory near the head¬ 
waters of the Dnieper. But to-day they 
occupy and control over one-seventh of the 
continental portion of the globe; and if 
we are to be governed by the signs of the 


156 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

times, within another half decade they 
will have added much to their already vast 
domain. This is rousing the English lion, 
and we can safely prophesy that if the 
English lion and the Russian bear shall 
lock jaws, the present industrial conditions 
of Europe will be greatly changed. 

Recent experiences and developments 
prove that American interests and enter¬ 
prises must be protected, whether they be 
in the Orient, or in Continental Europe, 
or in the isles of the sea. And we are 
very much disposed to protect all that by 
right belongs to us, whether by purchase, 
by treaty, or by whatever method we ac¬ 
quired them. The present method of 
protecting American capital by High Tar¬ 
iff will no longer be found adequate, 
much as it may have done in the past. 
This protection will come in the LABOR 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 157 

UNIT, and if it be not here and hereby, 
the downfall of our nation seems immi¬ 
nent. We grant that the far East may 
afford some markets for America’s pro¬ 
ducts of loom, of farm, of factory, etc., tut 
what are the conditions and consequences 
involved in making and maintaining these 
markets? 

England is stubbornly denying any ad¬ 
vantages or privileges to Russia, else Rus¬ 
sia may eventually rob her of her great 
world prestige and power. But Russia is 
as stubbornly beating her way into the 
Orient, and will soon have a world market 
for her products, thus reducing America’s 
markets for the same classes of goods. 
But England and all the nations of the 
earth must yield to the aggressions of Rus¬ 
sia to provide herself with markets and 
homes and employment for her vast pop- 


158 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

ulation, whether these markets be in 
and through the Dardanelles, the Persian 
Gulf, the Mediterranean Sea, or Chinese 
waters. 

Russia is one of the mightiest world 
powers in molding and determining the 
destiny of nations and peoples. For years 
she has been working and operating her 
splendid canal systems, and is about com¬ 
pleting her Trans-Siberian railway, and 
within a few months will no doubt declare 
this open for traffic. This great road 
launches forth at St. Petersburg and has 
for its eastern terminus, Vladivostok, 
traversing the entire stretch of Russian 
Empire, a total distance of over six thous¬ 
and miles. This is the most gigantic and 
stupendous piece of railroad engineering 
the world has ever seen. She has forged 
her way through the province of Man- 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 159 

churia, China, with an outlet at Port 
Arthur, acknowledged one of the finest 
and most significant harbors in the world. 
Her political and industrial aims and ne¬ 
cessities have emboldened her to attempt 
wonderful things, in the face of most for¬ 
midable opposition. 

Russia’s chief physical deficiency, and 
the one great difficulty in the way of her 
expansion, has always been her lack of 
seaports. These she proposes to obtain at 
any cost and hazard. 

To gain the confidence and permission of 
China not to obstruct her railway project, 
she convinced China that the Mongolian 
government was not sufficiently alert and 
strong to prevent the Celestials from com¬ 
mitting depredations and outrages upon 
Russian citizens and interests. This was 
a bold and a daring piece of political 


160 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

maneuvering, and a majestic stroke of 
political policy. 

She then further saw the financial straits 
of the Celestial Empire, occasioned largely 
by her war with Japan, and she sought to 
negotiate a loan to her on most favorable 
and inviting terms. This was what China 
much needed to hold any place among the 
world powers. Russia was now fully pro¬ 
tected in her rights to go through Chinese 
territory with her railroad building pro¬ 
ject, and she was invested with full author¬ 
ity to proceed to Port Arthur, the most 
strategic outlet for Russian products into 
the open sea of China and Corea. Into 
this sea, open all the year, thus affording a 
constant market, will be shipped the vast 
cargoes of furs, ores, metals, coal, petro¬ 
leum and timber native to Russia and Si¬ 
beria, there being 500,000,000 acres of 



EMANCIPATION OE THE PEOPLE. 161 

timber land in European Russia alone. 
From Port Arthur they will find their way 
into all the markets of the world. 

Then again, there are millions of acres 
of arable and productive lands lying idle 
along the route of this railroad, lands 
whose soil, under proper cultivation, will 
yield abundantly in cereals, fruits and 
pasture, and enrich their owners and till¬ 
ers. The Russian government is offering 
splendid inducements to her artisan citi¬ 
zens to pre-empt and settle these lands, 
and make homes for themselves on these 
unsettled plains. And as an evidence 
that the propositions of the government 
were appreciated, over one million of her 
people emigrated over the Ural mountains 
in 1898, and the number is rapidly in¬ 
creasing. 

With these conditions and prospects 


162 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

constantly in mind, let us see about the 
four hundred millions of Chinese living 
midst their native heath and heather. 
They are said to be the most patient, law- 
abiding, industrious and trustworthy of 
any people of the world. They toil from 
12 to 14 hours per day for a wage ranging 
from 5 to 8 cents for each day’s labor, and 
out of this also comes all family and gov¬ 
ernment and public support. Now with 
the inexhaustible resources of raw mater¬ 
ial to come from the Russian Empire, and 
from her territory lying contiguous to her 
Trans-Siberian Railroad, to furnish the 
supply, and China to furnish the labor, 
and Japan much of the genius and skill, 
what a mighty inducement and irresistible 
desire for Capital to invest. Here exist 
the raw material in abundance, the labor 
ready to be employed, and the means. 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 163 

through the mauy and splendid navigable 
rivers, in addition to this great Trans-Con¬ 
tinental Railroad, to ship the finished 
product to all the markets of the earth. 
Because of these conditions and commod¬ 
ities Capital can now step in and control 
the markets of the world, and dictate the 
price of the world's goods. 

It is not visionary to suspect Japan of 
being the future England or banking cen¬ 
ter and office, with China as the workshop 
and Russia the supply, determining and 
dominating the prices and markets of the 
world. These are alarming and suggestive 
things for the industrial world to face; 
and it does not mean so much to any peo¬ 
ple as to the American, where conditions 
and life require a high and constant wage 
to meet the necessities and demands of 
of life. 


164 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

Some of the chief characteristics of the 
American are thrift, industry, genius, cul¬ 
ture, loyalty, fraternity and religion, and 
some foreigners are uncouth enough to 
declare that the love of money overbal¬ 
ances and dominates all else. There is no 
doubt much truth in this statement, but 
as a native-born American the writer pre¬ 
fers to think and believe that higher and 
holier impulses and motives actuate the 
American people, and these dispositions 
are the determining principles of their life. 
The word Liberty is a magic and signifi¬ 
cant word with us, than which there are 
few more powerful. To maintain our sov¬ 
ereign liberty and prevent all aggressions 
the typical American will sacrifice his ev¬ 
ery possession and sustain it with his life. 
Because he knows so well the Price of 
Peace he will always most deeply sympa- 


EMANCIPATION' OF THE PEOPLE. 165 

thize with any peoples struggling for this 
God-given right and blessing. 

These are some of the conditions, as 
enumerated above, that face Industrial 
America. In the strife, waged so keen 
and stubbornly, between Capital and La¬ 
bor, with the multiplying of labor unions, 
it may be relied upon that the Labor 
Movement in America is a formidable and 
significant and determined one, and that 
the laboring classes are determined on hav¬ 
ing a higher wage and a decrease of the 
number of hours for a day's labor. 

The writer is frequently reminded that 
the laboring man has it in his own power 
to better his condition by rendering better 
service. We believe this to be true, and 
will further say it will apply both to the 
employed and the employer. But with 
this we have nothing to do. It is treated 


166 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

on page 76 as professional and skilled La¬ 
bor, which will always be at a premium, 
and the premium must be left to individ¬ 
ual preference and effort. 

The fundamentals of our logic are: 
First —Labor is not sufficiently rewarded 
for the energy expended, whether that en¬ 
ergy be expended by the man with shovel 
or the. overworked clerk behind the coun¬ 
ter, or the school teacher with her pupils; 
whether it be the professor of a college, or 
a physician, or clergyman. And it equally 
applies to the business man who overworks 
his brain to make ends meet in his busi¬ 
ness, and becomes a physical wreck before 
he is fifty years of age, by these long 
hours of giving out energy for the sustain¬ 
ing of a mere physical existence. 

The second fundamental of our logic is: 
To regulate the supply and the demand in 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 167 

the world of industry by making condi¬ 
tions where demand will be equal to sup¬ 
ply, because of the higher wage, and thus 
save the waste of human energy for gain¬ 
ing a livelihood for men and women of 
whatever class or profession; for the entire 
expenditure of human energy is and must 
of necessity be regulated from the wages 
paid to the common laborer. All eco¬ 
nomic law is based upon Labor and the 
Unit standard of money; and the right to 
determine what shall be the standard for 
industry belongs to the People and not to 
the money kings, who bleed the life of the 
nations of the earth. 

The laborer is determined to improve his 
condition; be a better consumer, a better 
citizen, more intelligent, moral, trustwor¬ 
thy and competent, and thus help to raise 
the standard of citizenship and civilization. 


168 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

Unless America protect her interests in 
Labor, or by making Labor the Unit of 
Values, she must give place to the cheap 
labor of the Orient, growing rich with the 
natural products and utilities of Russia, 
with the world for a market. And the 
religions of Buddha and Mohammed would 
become the prevailing religions of both 
Occident and Orient. Little as the fact 
may be discovered and emphasized as yet, 
America has, nevertheless, a prominent 
and vital part to play in the settlement of 
the Eastern question—a part grander than 
was ever played by the illustrious and im¬ 
mortal heroes of the Iliad. 

Our present imperfect and vacillating 
system of Tariff, enacted ostensibly to 
protect the people, but in fact to benefit 
Capital, will no longer be adequate to her 
undertaking. Place the Unit in Labor 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 169 

and you can protect by High Tariff the 
unit in the individual against the encroach¬ 
ment of other nations'’ products upon the 
American industries. Then America will 
attract and not compel other peoples to 
higher and loftier ideas of ruling the na¬ 
tions of the earth. To protect by armies 
will no longer be needed. 

In other words. Protection by High 
Tariff is the means and Free Trade is the 
end sought. To raise and sustain a higher 
form of civilization , America must pre¬ 
serve her individuality and remain sepa¬ 
rate in Tier race and industrial life from 
the Orient, so far as these relations might 
hinder national growth, dignity, honor, 
and the progress and development of the 
Anglo-Saxon race. 

It seems to have been left to America to 
provide and evolve the means to lift the 


170 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

race to a higher plane of life. Employing 
our genius and strength along this line 
would have a more salutary effect upon less 
civilized nations, to lift them up and bap¬ 
tize them with the spirit of the century, 
rather than to force an open door into 
China. To accomplish this America must 
place her Industrial Unit in Man, God’s 
noblest handiwork, and make man as a 
creature endowed with moral and spiritual 
and mental faculties, to be the Measure 
of Values, rather than the Dollar wrung 
from his blood and sinew. 

Some of our critics would tell us that 
Socialism is the cure-all for all industrial 
ills. This is a most perfect theory, but 
can not be relied upon in practical life un¬ 
til men’s hearts are changed from evil to 
good, and this is not the work of man, 
but of God. 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 171 

Milton, you know, sends out his Satanic 
Majesty across Chaos, and he is to build a 
road under and for himself as he proceeds 
to the Garden of Eden. I feel that I am 
on a similar expedition and mission of diffi¬ 
culty, laying, as I hope, a foundation 
broad enough and firm enough to allow 
all the nations of the earth a practical and 
inviting highway from a lower to a higher 
sphere and life. If this highway be not 
built, and then be not traveled upon, I 
foresee only the fate of Rome for the sins 
of Rome, only the fate of Sardanapalus 
for the sins of Sardanapalus. The ven¬ 
geance of dissolution and decay has seized 
upon every nation that has violated these 
eternal and subtle laws, and by no system 
of philosophy or logic can it be made to 
appear that America can escape if she 
“neglect so great a salvation.” 


172 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

From its very birth the United States 
has been an initiating force. It has stirred 
up slumbering and dormant empires as no 
other form of government ever did, and 
we to-day stand up as a gigantic and colos¬ 
sal power, strong in our union of senti¬ 
ment, the joy and consolation and hope 
and benefactor of the down-trodden and 
oppressed of all lands, ready to do away 
with all dynasties of favor and corruption, 
and amalgamate and coalesce all the just 
and holy principles of political form and 
life for the good of the race of man. 

May God speed the day when there will 
be no “submerged classes,” no “favored 
400,” no aristocratic and plebeian classes 
to constantly clash. And may He hasten 
the time when Righteousness and Love 
and Justice shall flow into the hearts and 
lives of men and nations, not as a rippling 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 173 

brook, nor yet like a sweeping and rush¬ 
ing river, but rather like the mighty and 
majestic sea, wide and deep and irresisti¬ 
ble, as it moves in its measureless benevo¬ 
lence for the queen of the night, carrying 
continents and peoples, commerce and in¬ 
dustry, in its bosom, rousing them to action 
or hushing them to sleep. 

Then shall man have learned and in¬ 
terpreted the sublime and momentous 
thoughts that were in the mind of Jesus 
when he said, “Love ye one another,” and 
“ I have many things to say to you but ye 
are not able to bear them.” Now let us 
give diligent ear to what is being said to 
us, that we may be wise in our day and 
generation, to build nobly and perma¬ 
nently for posterity, 

Man must eventually awaken to the fact 
that his spirit and soul, which are immor- 


174 THE ENSLAVEMENT AND 

tal and always have been immortal, have 
an origin, differing substantially and es¬ 
sentially in aim and purpose, to that of 
physical laws, those which govern the mo¬ 
tion of planets and hold them in their 
orbits—laws corresponding to those condi¬ 
tioning man’s physical life and experien¬ 
ces. He must learn by implicit obedience 
and self-abnegation the divine will and 
purpose, and must discover that pure and 
perennial fountain of holy life and living, 
as set forth in the gospel of Jesus Christ. 
This sparkling water will so rejuvenate 
and awaken his soul faculties and powers 
that death shall have no dominion over 
him. He then becomes a creature of the 
highest order and system, explaining and 
exemplifying all the great social and es¬ 
thetic doctrines and teachings of Jesus. 

“But now,” in the words of the immor- 


EMANCIPATION OF THE PEOPLE. 175 

tal Milton, “my task is done, I can fly, or 
I can ran;” believing with Channing that 
“ Labor is discovered to be the grand con¬ 
queror, enriching and building up nations 
more surely than the proudest battles.” 
Now— 

“ The sea appears all golden 
Beneath the sunlit sky.”— Heine. 


THE END. 

























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